| Limitations of 4D flow |
| Acquisition |
| Patients with metal implants are not suitable |
| The best location to accurately measure flow parameters is controversial |
| Postprocessing |
| Postprocessing and the analysis consume time and labor |
| The accuracy of blood flow estimation is affected by user experience |
| Accuracy |
| Cannot reliably quantify blood flow when heart cycles are erratic |
| Time and space resolution |
| The spatial resolution and quality are relatively low |
| Literature support |
| Long-term follow-up research is lacking |
