Table 5. Univariate and multivariable analyses for the risk factors of mitral valve related events.

Variablesa	Univariate analysis			PS-adjusted multivariable analysis
	HR [95% CI]	P value		HR [95% CI]	P value
Types of valves	1.180 [0.829–1.679]	0.36		1.498 [0.975–2.301]	0.065
Body surface area (m2)	0.324 [0.105–0.996]	0.049		0.357 [0.103–1.235]	0.10
Diabetes mellitus	1.473 [1.013–2.140]	0.042		0.999 [0.645–1.549]	0.99
COPD	0.453 [0.202–1.016]	0.055		0.455 [0.192–1.077]	0.073
Coronary artery disease	1.786 [1.118–2.853]	0.015		1.477 [0.923–2.365]	0.10
NYHA class ≥3	1.837 [1.345–2.509]	<0.001		1.517 [1.088–2.117]	0.014
Previous MVR	1.702 [1.141–2.538]	0.009		1.069 [0.682–1.677]	0.77
Euroscore II	1.098 [1.062–1.135]	<0.001		1.082 [1.040–1.125]	<0.001
Arrhythmia surgery	0.658 [0.477–0.909]	0.011		0.771 [0.536–1.107]	0.16

^a, all variables in Table 1 were analyzed and factors that entered into the multivariable analysis were shown. CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR, hazard ratio; NYHA, New York Heart Association; MVR, mitral valve replacement; PS, propensity score.