Table 1.
Description of eligible studies reporting the association between insulin treatment and the outcomes of COVID-19.
| No. | Author | Country | Age | Type of study | Sample size | NOS | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bo Yu (14) | China | 66 (57–73) | a retrospective study | 689 | 8 | patients with COVID-19 and T2DM |
| 2 | Cariou (15) | France | 69.8 ± 13.0 | a nationwide multicentre observational study | 1317 | 7 | patients with COVID-19 and diabetes |
| 3 | Yuchen Chen (16) | China | 56.0 (39.0–67.0) | a retrospective study | 904 | 8 | patients with COVID-19 and diabetes (mostly T2DM) |
| 4 | Shayan Riahi (9) | USA | 66.42 ± 12.67 | a retrospective cohort | 166 | 7 | patients with COVID-19 and diabetes |
| 5 | Luis M. Pérez (10) | Spain | 74.9 ± 8.4 | a nationwide cohort study | 2666 | 7 | patients with COVID-19 and T2DM |
| 6 | Shivani Agarwal (18) | USA | 68 | cohort | 1126 | 8 | patients with COVID-19 and diabetes |
| 7 | Marina V (19) | Russia | NA | a retrospective study | 309 | 7 | patients with COVID-19 and T2DM |
| 8 | Marco Mirani (20) | Italy | 71 (64–78) | cohort | 90 | 8 | patients with COVID-19 and T2DM |
| 9 | Shayesteh Khalili (21) | Iran | 65.7 ± 12.51 | cohort | 127 | 7 | patients with COVID-19 and diabetes |
| 10 | Justin J (22) | USA | 65.7 ± 15.5 | a retrospective study | 46 | 8 | patients with COVID-19 and diabetes |
| 11 | Huadong Yan (23) | China | 49.18 (14.16) | Case-Control Study | 717 | 8 | patients with COVID-19 and T2DM |
| 12 | Ayman A (24) | Saudi Arabia | 57.6 ± 13.9 | cohort | 806 | 8 | patients with COVID-19 and T2DM |
| 13 | Achille Cernigliaro (25) Italy | NA | a retrospective study | 172 | 7 | patients with COVID-19 and diabetes | |
| 14 | Hussein Nafakhi (26) | Iraq | 60 ± 10 | a retrospective study | 67 | 7 | patients with COVID-19 and diabetes |
| 15 | Adèle Lasbleiz (27) | France | 62.1 ± 14.0 | cohort | 2168 | 8 | patients with COVID-19 and diabetes (mostly T2DM) |
| 16 | Michelle A (30) | USA | 75.6 (10.8) | retrospective cohort study | 775 | 8 | patients with COVID-19 and T2DM |
| 17 | Grenye O’Malley (28) | USA | NA | cross-sectional study | 113 | 7 | patients with COVID-19 and T1DM |
| 18 | Ting Guo (29) | China | 62.1 (42-76) | a retrospective study | 19 | 7 | patients with COVID-19 and diabetes |
NA, data not available.