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. 2021 Jul 22;12:690467. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690467

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Elevation of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of NK cells by ch14.18/CHO antibody infusion therapy. The infusion of ch14.18/CHO induced robust immune response measured by means of secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (A) IL2, (B) TNFα, (C) IL6, and (D) CrP in serum of patients or lithium heparin plasma as well as by the percentage increase in number of activated NK cells (E, F). Cytokines and NK cells were measured on day 1 prior to the start of antibody infusion and on day 5 of cycles 1 to 9. The maximum level of CrP per cycle is shown for the cycles 1–6 in (D). Every single dot represents an independent single value per cycle and patient used from cycles 1–6 (A–D) but as indicated in (E) cycles 1–3 and (F) cycles 4–6. For the comparison of (A) IL2 n = 232, (B) TNFα n = 137, (C) IL6 n = 207 was available in pair values and for (D) CrP n = 198 single values were used. NK cell immunophenotype was assessed by flow cytometry and was defined as the CD56+CD16+ and CD3− subset of lymphoid cells. The early activation marker CD69 was used to distinguish resting (CD69−) from activated (CD69+) NK cells ncylces 1–3 = 47, ncylces 4–6 = 36. Statistical analysis was done by two-tailed paired t-test. P-values below 0.05 were defined significant. **** = <0.0001.