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. 2021 Jul 22;15:678158. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2021.678158

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Copyright © 2021 Jordan, Sokół and Park.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A cartoon representation of the observed pseudo-codimension-2 bifurcation fixed point. This structure occurs in implementation when placing a sink (top right), a source (bottom left), and two saddle points (top left and bottom right) close enough together, such that the distance between the two points furthest away from one another d is below machine precision ϵ. Under such conditions, the local dynamics behave as a hybridization of all four points. Since at least two parameters need to be adjusted in order to achieve this behavior, we give it the label of pseudo-codimension-2; pseudo because d can never equal 0 in this system.