Table 3.
The progress of clinical research related to tumor metastasis.
| Immune Checkpoint | Related Tumors | Monoclonal Antibody |
|---|---|---|
| Immune inhibitors | ||
| PD-1 and PDL-1/2 | Prostate cancer | PD-1: Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Camrelizumab, Cemiplimab |
| Melanoma | ||
| NSCLC | ||
| Breast cancer | ||
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | PDL-1: Atezolizumab, Avelumab (MSB0010718c phase I and II clinical trials) Durvalumab |
|
| Gastric cancer | ||
| MCC(Merkel cell carcinoma) | ||
| Urothelial carcinoma | ||
| CTLA-4 | Melanoma | Ipilimumab |
| Colorectal cancer | ||
| Advanced renal cell carcinoma | ||
| Colon cancer | ||
| NSCLC | ||
| LAG-3 | Ovarian cancer | No mAb |
| NSCLC | Being synergistic with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 |
|
| TIGIT | Melanoma | Bispecific antibody anti-CD3 and anti CD155 (CD155Bi-Ab) |
| Breast cancer | ||
| Osteosarcoma | ||
| Prostate cancer | ||
| TIM-3 | HNSCC | ① MGB453 (Novartis) |
| NSCLC | ② TSR-022 (TESARO) | |
| Colorectal cancer | ③ Both under phase I/II clinical trials | |
| Prostate cancer | ||
| SIGLEC-15 | NSCLC | Ongoing phase I clinical trial |
| IDO-1 | Gastric cancer | ① D-1-MT |
| Lung cancer | ② Epacadostat (is ongoing phase I/II trial) | |
| Melanoma | ③ Navoximod (is ongoing phase I trial) | |
| Being synergistic with Anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 |
||
| Exerts by combining with p53 | ||
| VISTA (B7-H5) | Prostate cancer | No mAb |
| Ovarian cancer | Being synergistic with anti-PD-1 | |
| Melanoma | ||
| VTCN1 (B7-H4) | Pleural carcinoma | No mAb |
| Pancreatic cancer | ||
| Lung carcinoma | ||
| Colorectal carcinoma | ||
| Melanoma | ||
| Prostate cancer | ||
| Renal cell carcinoma | ||
| Breast cancer | ||
| Ovarian cancer | ||
| CD276 (B7-H3) | Colon cancer | ① m276 (human antibody) |
| Breast cancer | ② m276-PBD (mouse antibody) | |
| NSCLC | ||
| Prostate cancer | ||
| Melanoma | ||
| Renal cell carcinoma | ||
| Pancreatic carcinoma | ||
| CD70 | Lymphoma | ① SGN-CD70A (is ongoing phase I trial) |
| NHL | ② AMG172 | |
| Renal cell carcinoma | ③ ARGX110 | |
| Nasopharynx cancer | ||
| Melanoma | ||
| CD47 | NHL | ① Hu5F9-G4 (is ongoing phase I trial) |
| Bladder cancer | ② AMMS4 | |
| Breast cancer | ||
| HNSCC | ||
| Melanoma | ||
| CCA | ||
| NSCLC | ||
| Colorectal cancer | ||
| Immune activators | ||
| TNFSF14 (LIGHT) | Melanoma | LIGHT-VTR |
| Lung cancer | ||
| TNFRSF4 | Melanoma | ① 9B12 (is ongoing phase I trial) |
| Prostate cancer | ② BMS 986178 | |
| Breast cancer | ③ PF-04518600 | |
| Ovarian cancers | ④ MEDI6469 | |
| CSCC | Being synergistic with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 |
|
| TNFRSF9 | Breast cancer | ① Urelumab (BMS-663613) |
| Melanoma | ② Utomilumab (PF-05082566 is ongoing phase I trial) |
|
| NSCLC | ||
| Renal cell carcinoma | Being synergistic with anti-PD-1 | |
| TNFRSF18(GITR) | Bladder carcinoma |
α-GITR (NCT02583165, NCT02628574, are ongoing phase I trial) |
| Breast cancer | ||
| SCLC | ||
| Melanoma | ||
| Renal cell carcinoma | ||
| CD28 | NSCLC | Being synergistic with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 |
| Breast cancer | ||
| Melanoma | ||
MCC, Merkel cell carcinoma; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; SCLC, small cell lung cancer; CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; NHL, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; CSCC, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.