Table 2. Main Characteristics of the 40 Eligible Studies.
| Source | Center, No. | Funding | Study type, participants, No. | Patient ages | Melanomas | Nonmelanomas | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Included, No. | Features | Included, No. | Features | |||||
| Annessi et al,7 2007 Italy | 1 | None | Prospective, 195 | Mean (all): 43 | 96 | Sites: trunk, limbs; 25% in situ; 75% SSM; Breslow, mean: 0.3 mm | 102 | Clark nevi (67% junctional, 33% compound) |
| Arevalo et al,22 2008 Australia | 1 | NA | Retrospective, NA | NA | 341 | All subtypes except LM and LMM | 3026 | Benign melanocytic lesions |
| Argenziano et al,23 2004 Italyb | 1 | NA | Retrospective, 517 | Median (all): 34 | 150 | 11% in situ | 381 | 31% BCC; 25% dermal/congenital nevi; 19% Clark nevi; 11% SK; 5% Spitz; 4% Bowen; 4% SCC; 2% sebaceous hyperplasia |
| Balagula et al,24 2012 US | 2 | None | Prospective, NA | NA | 20 | 15% in situ; 20% metastasis | 36 | Benign biopsied melanocytic lesions |
| Bassoli et al,25 2018 Italy | 1 | Italian Ministry of Health | Retrospective, NA | NA | 71 | Sites: lower limbs; invasive tumors all <1 mm; 51% in situ | 176 | 51% Nevi; 37% Spitz; 13% nonmelanocytic lesions |
| Benati et al,26 2015 Italy | 2 | None | Retrospective, 83 | Mean (all): 40.4 | 28 | Sites: trunk; Breslow, mean (SD): 0.58 mm (0.40) | 55 | 71% Common nevi; 29% Spitz |
| Blum et al,27 2003 Germany | 1 | NA | Retrospective, 205 | Median (SD) (all): 39.2 (17.3) (range, 1-86) | 75 | Breslow, mean: 0.86 mm (0.01-3.50); 16% in situ | 179 | 36% Common nevi; 54% dysplastic; 11% other benign nevi |
| Borsari et al,28 2018 Italy | 1 | Italian Ministry of Health | Retrospective, 314 | Median (cases): 63 (IQR, 49-73) | 120 | Sites: back; 100% in situ | 213 | 78% Common acquired nevi; 22% Spitz |
| Borsari et al,29 2020 Italy | 6 | None | Retrospective, NA | All, mean (SD): 52.8 (15) | 107 | Sites: trunk, limbs; Breslow, mean: 0.4 mm; 57% in situ, 30% nevus-associated | 133 | 97% Common acquired nevi; 3% Spitz |
| Braun et al,30 2007 Switzerland | 2 | NA | Retrospective, NA | NA | 170 | 61% in situ; 31% < 1 mm; 8% > 1 mm | 170 | Nevi (65% low-grade dysplastic; 33% high-grade dysplastic; 1% compound) |
| Carrera et al,8 2016 Multiple | 12 | Various grantsa | Retrospective, NA | NA | 1541 | NA | 4064 | Nevi |
| Costa et al,31 2013 Spainb | 1 | Various grantsc | Retrospective, 42 | Median (all): 54.8 (13-79) | 15 | Sites: limbs, trunk, soles; Breslow, mean (SD): 4.5 (4.5) mm) (range, 0.8-22) | 15 | Melanocytic nevi |
| Di Stefani et al,32 2010 Austria | 1 | NA | Retrospective, NA | NA | 400 | Breslow, mean: 0.87 mm | 400 | Melanocytic nevi |
| Farnetani et al,33 2019 Italy | 2 | Italian Ministry of Health | Retrospective, 50 | Mean (all): 46.7 (24-80); mean (cases): 50.8; mean (controls): 43.6 | 21 | Sites: trunk, limbs | 29 | 93% Common nevi; 7% Spitz nevi |
| Fikrle et al,34 2006 Czech Republic | 1 | Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health, Czech Republic | Retrospective, 161 | Age range (all): 14-82 | 60 | Breslow, mean: 0.47 mm (0.1-1.0); 33% in situ | 120 | 56% Common nevi; 44% atypical nevi |
| Haenssle et al,9 2010 Germany | 1 | Cancer Society of Lower Saxony | Prospective, 688 | Mean (all): 42 | 127 | Breslow, mean: 0.57 mm; 39% in situ | 777 | Biopsied nonmelanomas (common/dysplastic nevi, Spitz, SK, SL, pigmented BCC, pigmented DF) |
| Lallas et al,35 2018 Greece | 3 | NA | Retrospective, 1285 | Mean (all): 45.9 (9-91) | 427 | Sites: trunk, limbs; Breslow, mean: 0.49 mm; 76% in situ | 858 | 36% Excised nevi; 31% nonexcised nevi; 12% Spitz nevi; 11% BCC; 8% SK; 3% Bowen |
| Liebman et al,36 2012 US | 1 | None | Retrospective, NA | NA | 154 | NA | 384 | 50% BCC; 26% SCC; 14% LPLK; 11% AK |
| Mandel et al,37 2018 Italy | 1 | Italian Ministry of Health | Retrospective, 55 | Mean (SD) (all): 45.6 (16.7) | 21 | Sites: breast; Breslow, median: 0.4 mm; 57% in situ | 34 | 88% Common nevi; 12% Spitz nevi |
| Mansur et al,38 2011 Brazil | 1 | None | Retrospective, 137 | Median (all): 45 | 84 | Breslow, median: 0.53 mm; 48% in situ | 135 | 59% Atypical nevi; 41% common nevi |
| Menzies et al,39 1996 Australia | 1 | NA | Retrospective, NA | NA | 62 | 82% SSM; 15% LMM; 3% NM | 159 | 43% Dysplastic nevi; 19% benign acquired nevi; 9% SK; 8% ephelides/SL; 6% pigmented BCC; 6% other nevi |
| Menzies et al,40 2008 Australia | Various | NA | Retrospective, NA | NA | 105 | 76% SSM; 7% NM; 12% nevus-associated; 100% hypo/amelanotic; Breslow, median: 0.76 mm | 392 | 43% Benign melanocytic lesions (nevi, SL, ephelides); 57% nonmelanocytic lesions |
| Menzies et al,41 2013 Australia | Various | None | Retrospective, NA | NA | 52 | Pigmented NM; Breslow, median: 2.7 mm | 138 | Pigmented nodular nonmelanomas (54% nodular benign melanocytic lesions; 46% nodular nonmelanocytic lesions) |
| Menzies et al,41 2013 Australia | Various | None | Retrospective, NA | NA | 31 | Hypomelanotic/amelanotic NM; Breslow, median: 2.7 mm | 99 | Amelanotic/hypomelanotic nodular nonmelanomas (11% amelanotic benign lesions; 29% hypomelanotic benign melanocytic lesions; 31% amelanotic nonmelanocytic lesions; 28% hypomelanotic nonmelanocytic lesions) |
| Merkel et al,42 2016 US | 1 | IDP Foundation | Retrospective, 109 | Cases, mean (SD): 51.8 (18.3); controls, mean (SD): 38.0 (13.7) | 13 | Sites: breast, chest; 77% SSM; 23% LM; Breslow, median: 0.37 mm (0.15-1.96); 62% in situ | 104 | Melanocytic nevi (65% nevi with no/mild atypia; 25% moderate atypia; 10% severe atypia) |
| Mun et al,43 2016 Australia | 1 | None | Retrospective, 65 | Cases, mean: 59.4 (range, 32-84) | 22 | Sites: trunk, limbs; 55% SSM; 45% NM; Breslow, mean (SD): 3.4 mm (4.0); 14% in situ | 100 | 63% Common nevi; 6% congenital nevi; 5% IDN |
| Nilles et al,44 1994 Germany | 1 | NA | Retrospective, NA | NA | 72 | 78% SSM; 11% LMM | 188 | 69% Common nevi; 14% atypical; 12% Spitz nevi |
| Panasiti et al,45 2009 Italy | 1 | None | Retrospective, 907 | NA | 33 | NA | 291 | 73% Common nevi; 25% dysplastic nevi; 1% Spitz |
| Pizzichetta et al,46 2004 Italy | 5 | NA | Retrospective, 151 | All, mean (SD): 47 (17.5); cases, mean (SD): 50 (16.7) | 44 | Sites: trunk, limbs; 100% hypo/amelanotic; 66% < 1 mm; 34% > 1 mm | 55 | Hypo/amelanotic lesions (45% BCC; 18% DF; 15% Bowen; 15% SK; 7% SCC) |
| Pizzichetta et al,47 2015 Italy | 15 | None | Retrospective, 457 | Cases, median: 61 (range, 21-92); controls, median: 46 (range, 11-95) | 75 | Sites: trunk, limbs; 100% NM; Breslow, median: 3.4 mm (0.05-11) | 289 | Nonmelanocytic lesions (29% SK; 13% BCC); benign melanocytic lesions (29% compound/dermal nevi; 28% blue nevi) |
| Pizzichetta et al,48 2013 Italy | 11 | None | Retrospective, 679 | All, mean (SD): 43 (17); cases, mean (SD): 54 (17) | 205 | Sites: trunk, limbs; 23% in situ | 474 | 46% Melanocytic nevi; 29% Spitz/Reed nevi; 24% DF |
| Püspök-Schwarz et al,49 1997 Austria | 1 | NA | Retrospective, NA | NA | 25 | Breslow, mean: 0.82 mm (0.3-3.0) | 25 | Pigmented BCC |
| Sakakibara et al,50 2010 Japan | 1 | NA | Retrospective, NA | Mean (cases): 65 (18-94) | 102 | 27% in situ; 50% > 2 mm | 639 | 40% SK; 33% DN⁄CN; 19% BCC; 2% SCC; 6% Bowen |
| Seidenari et al,51 2010 Italy | 1 | NA | Retrospective, 255 | All, mean (SD): 50.6 (17.4) | 170 | Sites: trunk, limbs; Breslow, mean (SD): 1.5 mm (2.4); 50% in situ | 85 | Nevi |
| Shitara et al,52 2014 Spain | 1 | Various grantsd | Retrospective, NA | NA | 125 | Sites: head, limbs, trunk; 55% SSM; 37% LMM; Breslow, mean: 1.7 mm; 45% in situ; 48% < 1 mm | 520 | 59% Nevi; 9% SK; 7% AK; 4% SL; 2% LPLK; 18% other |
| Skvara et al,53 2005 Austria | 2 | Austrian Federal Bank Grant 9952 | Retrospective, 297 | Mean (all): 39 | 63 | 14% Nevus-associated; Breslow, median: 0.4 mm (0.17-0.28); 49% in situ | 262 | Melanocytic nevi |
| Stanganelli et al,54 2012 Italy | 35 | NA | Retrospective, 315 | Mean (all): 52 (3-88) | 71 | Sites: scalp; 34% SSM; 27% LM; 6% NM; Breslow, median: 1.6 mm (0.12-12); 24% in situ | 78 | Melanocytic nevi |
| Steiner et al,55 1993 Austria | 1 | NA | Retrospective, NA | NA | 80 | Breslow, mean: 1.39 mm (0.4-2.6); 19% in situ, 31% < 1 mm | 61 | Common nevi (junctional nevi, compound nevi, dermal nevi) |
| Verzi et al,56 2018 US | 1 | IDP Foundation | Retrospective, NA | Median (all): 38; median (cases): 51; median (controls): 37 | 144 | Sites: trunk, limbs | 1363 | 82% dysplastic nevi; 13% common nevi; 2% SL; 2% Spitz |
| Xu et al,57 2009 US | 3 | National Institutes of Health (NIH) | Retrospective, NA | NA | 175 | 100% invasive | 425 | 75% dysplastic nevi (mild/moderate atypia); 25% nevocellular nevi |
| Zalaudek et al,58 2013 Italy | 5 | None | Retrospective, 65 | Mean (cases): 51.2 (20-74); mean (controls): 26.8 (6-56) | 39 | Sites: lower limbs; Breslow, median: 0.4 mm; 72% hypopigmented | 26 | Spitz nevi (54% hypopigmented) |
Abbreviations: AK, actinic keratosis; BCC, basal cell carcinoma; DF, dermatofibroma; DN, dysplastic nevus; IDN, intradermal nevus; IQR, interquartile range; LM, lentigo maligna; LMM, lentigo maligna melanoma; LPLK, lichen planus like keratosis; NA, no data available; NM, nodular melanoma; SK, seborrheic keratosis; SL, solar lentigo; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; SSM, superficial spreading melanoma.
a
This research was funded in part through National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant P30CA008748. The research at the Melanoma Unit in Barcelona is partially funded by grants 12/00840 and PI15/00716 from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, the CIBER de Enfermedades Raras of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the AGAUR 2014_SGR_603 of the Catalan Government, a grant from Fundació La Marató de TV3, 201331-30, and grant CE_CIP-ICT-PSR-13-7 from the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme (Diagnoptics).
b
Data from this eligible study were not included in the meta-analysis.
c
The research at the Melanoma Unit in Barcelona is partially funded by Grant 09/1393 from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Spain; by the CIBER de Enfermedades Raras of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; by the AGAUR 2009 SGR 1337 of the Catalan Government, Spain; by the European Commission under the 6th Framework Programme, Contract no: LSHC-CT-2006-018702 (GenoMEL); and by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) (CA83115).
d
The research at the Melanoma Unit in Barcelona is partially funded by grants from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias P.I. 09/01393 and P.I. 12/00840, Spain; by the CIBER de Enfermedadesraras of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; by the AGAUR 2009 Sgr1337 of the Catalan government, Spain; and by the European Commission under the 6th Framework Programme, Contract nr: lSHC-CT-2006-018702 (genoMEl).