Table 1.
HOTAIR expression, functions, and prognostic and therapeutic potential in different human cancers.
| Cancer type | Expression | Functions | Prognostic and therapeutic potential | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | Up | Promotes cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. | Poor prognosis, decreases cell radiosensitivity. | (41–45, 106, 116) |
| Bladder cancer | Up | Promotes proliferation, correlates with invasion. | Poor prognosis, poor DFS. | (86, 91, 92, 104, 105) |
| Brain glioma | Up | Increases proliferation, invasion, migration, and TNM stage; inhibits apoptosis. | Poor prognosis | (81, 82, 117, 118) |
| Cervical cancer | Up | Increases proliferation, invasion, metastasis. | Poor prognosis, increases radioresistance. | (78, 102, 119) |
| Colorectal cancer | Up | Promotes proliferation, metastasis, TNM stage. | Poor prognosis, increases chemo-radioresistance. | (72–75, 90, 98, 103, 107, 120, 121) |
| Esophageal cancer | Up | Correlates with cell proliferation, advanced stage, invasion. | Poor prognosis, poor OS. | (83, 85, 122–126) |
| Gastric cancer | Up | Promotes proliferation, invasion, metastasis, TNM stage. | Poor prognosis, increases chemoresistance. | (57, 58, 114, 115, 127, 128) |
| Liver cancer | Up | Increases proliferation, invasion, migration, EMT, poor differentiation, and exosome secretion. | Poor prognosis, increase chemoresistance. | (53–55, 100) |
| Lung cancer | Up | Increases proliferation, invasion, and migration and inhibits apoptosis. | Poor prognosis, increases multidrug resistance. | (48, 49, 94, 108, 129–131) |
| Osteosarcoma | Up | Increases cell growth, invasion, migration; inhibits apoptosis; correlates with advanced stage. | Poor prognosis, increases DDP resistance. | (87–89, 97) |
| Ovarian cancer | Up | Promotes proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion. | Poor prognosis, increases DDP resistance, decreases chemosensitivity. | (76, 77, 99, 132) |
| Pancreatic cancer | Up | Increases proliferation, invasion, drug resistance; inhibits apoptosis. | Poor prognosis, increases drug resistance, decreases radiosensitivity. | (59, 60, 62, 63, 101, 133, 134) |
| Prostate cancer | Up | Increases proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and anti-apoptosis. | Poor prognosis, increases drug resistance. | (79, 80, 96, 135) |
| Renal carcinoma | Up | Increases proliferation, invasion, metastasis, tumor angiogenesis; correlates with TNM stage. | Poor prognosis, increases drug resistance. | (65–67, 69–71, 95, 136) |