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. 2021 Jul 22;12:694747. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.694747

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Copyright © 2021 Merola, Singh, Reeves, Changizi, Goetz, Rossi, Pallavaram, Carcieri, Harel, Shaikhouni, Sammartino, Krishna, Verhagen and Dalm.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Direct visualization of DBS targets and lead location. Surgical Information Sciences (SIS), provides a patient-specific model of DBS targets using the patient's own enhanced clinical MR image. (A,B) shows alpha maps visualizing the STN and GPi, respectively (red arrows); (C,D) show 3D reconstructions of the intended targets registered with the DBS lead location in respect to the anatomical structures (STN & GPi, respectively).