Table 5.
Effect of catalyst support and solvent on Ru‐catalyzed hydrogenolysis of furfuryl alcohol[a]
|
Catalyst |
Solvent |
Conv./% |
Selectivity/% |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
THFA |
1,2‐PeD |
1,5‐PeD |
1,4‐PeD |
CPO |
CPL |
|||
|
Ru/Al2O3 |
none |
30 |
75 |
12 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
CO2 [b] |
19 |
54 |
6.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
water[c] |
76 |
72 |
17 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
5.6 |
0.5 |
|
|
2‐PrOH[d] |
43 |
49 |
9.5 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
|
|
Ru/ZrO2 |
none |
83 |
76 |
16 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
CO2 [b] |
68 |
77 |
14 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
Water[c] |
100 |
12 |
4.7 |
0.2 |
3.7 |
6.9 |
14 |
|
|
2‐PrOH[d] |
100 |
73 |
16 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
Ru/MgO |
none |
31 |
74 |
11 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
CO2 [b] |
16 |
64 |
8.0 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
water[c] |
86 |
86 |
27 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
2‐PrOH[d] |
34 |
48 |
8.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
Ru/CeO2 |
none |
23 |
71 |
12 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
CO2 [b] |
12 |
46 |
6.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
water[c] |
49 |
65 |
15 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
13 |
1.9 |
|
|
2‐PrOH[d] |
43 |
62 |
14 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
Ru/TiO2 |
none |
90 |
70 |
12 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
CO2 [b] |
83 |
77 |
11 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
water[c] |
100 |
4.3 |
1.7 |
0.1 |
3.2 |
7.4 |
14 |
|
|
2‐PrOH[d] |
100 |
63 |
11 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
Ru/graphite |
none |
87 |
57 |
8.5 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
CO2 [b] |
84 |
69 |
8.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
water[c] |
99 |
5.5 |
1.9 |
0.3 |
1.4 |
2.9 |
1.4 |
|
|
2‐PrOH[d] |
100 |
69 |
9.7 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
Ru/H‐ZSM‐5 |
none |
39 |
1.6 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
CO2 [b] |
20 |
6.8 |
0.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
|
water[c] |
98 |
2.0 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
2‐PrOH[d] |
100 |
58 |
8.6 |
0.3 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
[a] Reaction conditions, unless otherwise stated: furfuryl alcohol (0.34 g), catalyst (0.02 g), 3.0 MPa H2, 403 K, 1 h. Abbreviations: conv., conversion; THFA, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol; PeD, pentanediol; CPO, cyclopentanone; CPL, cyclopentanol. [b] CO2 pressure, 15 MPa. [c] Water volume, 10 cm3. [d] 2‐PrOH volume, 10 cm3.