Table 2.
IP and AMS interventions targeting C. difficile
| References | ||||||||||||||||
| 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | |
| Interventions | ||||||||||||||||
| Surveillance/screening | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – |
| Alerts and notifications | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | – |
| Isolation precautions | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Environmental disinfection | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | ✓ | – | ✓ |
| Audits and feedback | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – |
| Consultations | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Antimicrobial policies and/protocols | – | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | ✓ | – |
| Care bundles | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ |
| Staff education | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | – | – |
| Biocidal (Cu2O) linen | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Intervention duration (months) | 24 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 16 | 18 | – | 8 | 27 | 27 | 16 | 12 | 13 | 24 | – | 22 |
| Behaviour change elements addressed | ||||||||||||||||
| Capability | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Opportunity | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Motivation | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
AMS, antimicrobial stewardship; C. difficile, Clostridioides difficile; IP, infection prevention.