Table 4.

Summary of outcomes for interventions targeting C. difficile

Key outcomes	References
	42	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	50	51	52	53	54	55	56	57
Antimicrobials use (DDD/1000 PDs)	↓310	↓200		↓6.58	↓124	↓141					↓34	↓10.7
Antimicrobials use (% reduction)	11	47	46		72.5–95	22					12	37
Antibiotics cost (↓%)			↓54			↓24							↓51
Antimicrobials streamlining (%/week)													↑52
Resistance rates
CD risk/100 000 or/10 000 PDs (postintervention)	⇔	12		14	55	60			2.8	170	2.8	11	16	⇔		85
CD absolute risk (%)	⇔	↓67	↓46	↓83	↓77	↓31		↓51	↑87	↓5	↓71	↓36	↓71	⇔		↓37
Risk of HCAIs (AR)		↓25			17–25					⇔		↓				↓
% reduction in time for start of treatment															64
Time savings (h/1000 admissions)							↓43
Hospital stay
Adherence to infection prevention precautions (%)									↓6							↑95
Mortality		⇔

↓, significant reduction; ↑, significant increase; ⇔, no significant changes (remained the same); ●, outbreak was contained.

AR, absolute risk; CD, Clostridioides difficile; C. difficile, Clostridioides difficile; DDD, daily defined doses; HCAIs, healthcare-associated infections; PD, patient days.