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. 2021 Aug 5;17(6):401–404. doi: 10.1002/cld.1066

TABLE 1.

Phases of Biomarker Validation for Early Detection

Phase of Development Definition
I Identify potential biomarkers in a preclinical setting.
II Assess the ability of the assay to distinguish between cases and controls.
III Analyze the ability of the assay to analyze preclinical disease.
IV Assess operating characteristics of biomarker‐based screening in the target population.
V Assess the impact of screening on cancer mortality.