Table 4.

Linear regression analysis showing association of socio-demographic indicators with percentage energy from ultra-processed foods^†

(Mean values and 95 % confidence intervals)

	Model 1: Diet cost per 2000 kcal (8368 kJ) ($/month)			Model 2: Total food expenditures per capita ($/month)
	Mean difference in diet cost	P	95 % CI	Mean difference in diet cost	P	95 % CI
Education
High school or less	Ref.			Ref.
Some college	−1·07	0·331	−3·24, 1·09	−1·75	0·156	−4·18, 0·67
College graduate/graduate school	−4·12	0·001*	−6·52, −1·73	−4·97	<0·0001*	−7·63, −2·31
Residential property value
Tertile 1 (≤$128 675)	Ref.			Ref.
Tertile 2 ($128 676–$290 866)	−1·29	0·153	−3·06, 0·48	−1·91	0·071	−3·99, 0·17
Tertile 3 (≥$290 867)	−2·07	0·067	−4·29, 0·15	−3·11	0·017*	−5·67, −0·55
Total monthly food expenditure per capita
≤$144				Ref.
≥$145 to ≤250				−1·20	0·168	−2·90, 0·50
≥$251				−3·01	0·007*	−5·20, −0·83
Diet cost per 2000 kcal (8368 kJ) ($/month)
≤$252·7	Ref.
≥$252·8 to ≤299·9	−3·78	<0·0001*	−5·32, −2·22
≥$300	−10·89	<0·0001*	−12·66, −9·12

^*Statistically significant at P < 0·01, P < 0·0001.

^†Both models controlled for all variables in the table as well as sex, age, race/ethnicity and county.