Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Aug 5;22:204. doi: 10.1186/s13059-021-02428-6

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — Genome reduction and metabolic specialization during host-adaptation by gut Former-Spore-Formers. a A marker of host adaptation, genomes of gut FSF are smaller than SF genomes (P< 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test), with a strong correlation between genome size and gene number, Spearman rho, R= 0.96 for SF and R= 0.89 for FSF. Inset shows distribution by genome size. b Functional enrichment analysis revealed 489 enriched gut SF genes and 272 enriched FSF genes. Enriched genes were grouped by functional classes. The graph presents the comparison of enriched gene numbers in their functional class and ordered by decreasing statistical significance. Motility, amino acid and cofactor metabolism and sporulation functional classes are statistically more enriched in gut Spore-Formers (SF) compared to Former-Spore-Formers (FSF). No functional classes are more enriched in FSF. Fisher’s exact test, N.S. = not significant. c FSF encode a smaller number of total CAZymes and a smaller number of CAZyme families per genome compared to gut SF (P<0.0001 for both total number and family number, Welch’s t-test). Inset shows the distribution by CAZyme number. d Erysipelotrichaceae FSF have a more restricted carbohydrate utilization profile compared to Erysipelotrichaceae SF. The ability of FSF (n=4) and SF (n=4) to use 95 different carbon sources was tested. N-Acetyl-Beta-D-Mannosamine (P=0.006) (a precursor of sialic acid), D-Melezitose (P=0.009), turanose (P=0.011), glycerol (P=0.020) and maltotriose (P=0.029) are metabolized to a statistically significant greater degree by SF whereas urocanic acid (a derivative of histidine) was metabolized to a statistically significant greater degree by FSF (P=0.018), based on Fisher’s exact test