Table 2.
Performance statistics of meteorological forecasts.
| Datasets | CASTNET | METAR | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Period | Mean Obs. | Mean Sim. | MB | RMSE | NMB, % | NME, % | Corr | Mean Obs. | Mean Sim. | MB | RMSE | NMB, % | NME, % | Corr |
| T2, °C | DJF | −0.1 | −0.5 | −0.4 | 2.6 | −588 | −2850 | 0.96 | 2.7 | 2.6 | −0.1 | 2.5 | −3.1 | 69.3 | 0.97 |
| MAM | 9.9 | 9.4 | −0.5 | 2.4 | −5.2 | 18.2 | 0.97 | 12.3 | 11.9 | −0.4 | 2.3 | −3.0 | 14.0 | 0.97 | |
| JJA | 21.5 | 21.4 | −0.2 | 2.4 | −0.8 | 8.6 | 0.93 | 23.4 | 23.1 | −0.3 | 2.3 | −1.2 | 7.5 | 0.93 | |
| SON | 11.5 | 11.3 | −0.2 | 2.6 | −2.0 | 16.1 | 0.97 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 12.6 | 0.98 | |
| Annual | 10.9 | 10.6 | −0.3 | 2.5 | −3.0 | 17.0 | 0.98 | 13.2 | 13.0 | −0.2 | 2.3 | −1.3 | 13.1 | 0.98 | |
| RH2, % | DJF | 69.1 | 71.9 | 2.8 | 14.3 | 4.0 | 15.1 | 0.74 | 74.1 | 74.4 | 0.4 | 13.3 | 0.5 | 13.4 | 0.76 |
| MAM | 62.7 | 66.1 | 3.4 | 14.2 | 5.4 | 16.6 | 0.82 | 67.4 | 70.1 | 2.7 | 13.8 | 4.0 | 15.5 | 0.81 | |
| JJA | 55.0 | 53.3 | −1.7 | 12.2 | −3.2 | 16.4 | 0.89 | 67.0 | 67.3 | 0.3 | 13.1 | 0.5 | 14.8 | 0.84 | |
| SON | 59.0 | 57.6 | −1.4 | 13.0 | −2.4 | 16.1 | 0.87 | 68.7 | 67.0 | −1.7 | 13.2 | −2.5 | 14.5 | 0.83 | |
| Annual | 61.4 | 62.2 | 0.8 | 13.5 | 1.3 | 16.0 | 0.85 | 68.8 | 69.3 | 0.4 | 13.2 | 0.8 | 14.4 | 0.83 | |
| WS10, ms−1 | DJF | 2.5 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 18.7 | 56.7 | 0.59 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 10.8 | 43.5 | 0.71 |
| MAM | 2.8 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 22.2 | 55.6 | 0.60 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 10.3 | 42.5 | 0.71 | |
| JJA | 2.4 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 24.5 | 60.9 | 0.51 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 17.0 | 52.6 | 0.62 | |
| SON | 2.6 | 3.1 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 20.4 | 58.6 | 0.57 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 4.2 | 33.1 | 0.69 | |
| Annual | 2.6 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 21.5 | 57.9 | 0.57 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 10.7 | 41.8 | 0.72 | |
| WD10, ° | DJF | 187.2 | 189.4 | 2.2 | 69.4 | 1.2 | 26.4 | 0.81 | 158.0 | 164.3 | 6.4 | 60.7 | 4.0 | 25.5 | 0.90 |
| MAM | 184.6 | 186.5 | 1.9 | 68.1 | 1.0 | 26.1 | 0.81 | 159.9 | 163.6 | 3.7 | 60.7 | 2.3 | 25.4 | 0.89 | |
| JJA | 186.7 | 188.8 | 2.1 | 73.0 | 1.1 | 28.5 | 0.77 | 146.8 | 147.8 | 1.0 | 69.9 | 0.7 | 33.9 | 0.86 | |
| SON | 181.8 | 183.9 | 2.1 | 71.3 | 1.1 | 28.1 | 0.79 | 190.9 | 196.6 | 5.7 | 42.1 | 3.0 | 14.5 | 0.92 | |
| Annual | 185.0 | 187.1 | 2.1 | 70.5 | 1.1 | 27.3 | 0.80 | 162.5 | 166.6 | 4.1 | 59.1 | 2.5 | 23.9 | 0.89 | |
| Precip, mm h−1 | DJF | 1.0 | 0.6 | −0.4 | 1.7 | −42.5 | 86.1 | 0.26 | 1.3 | 0.7 | −0.6 | 3.5 | −44.4 | 77.4 | 0.15 |
| MAM | 1.1 | 0.6 | −0.6 | 2.0 | −51.1 | 86.3 | 0.22 | 1.8 | 0.7 | −1.0 | 7.5 | −58.6 | 85.6 | 0.07 | |
| JJA | 2.2 | 0.5 | −1.7 | 4.7 | −77.8 | 93.9 | 0.11 | 2.6 | 0.7 | −1.9 | 7.6 | −74.5 | 91.6 | 0.04 | |
| SON | 1.3 | 0.6 | −0.7 | 2.4 | −54.4 | 86.2 | 0.24 | 1.8 | 0.8 | −1.0 | 8.8 | −56.4 | 83.8 | 0.07 | |
| Annual | 1.3 | 0.6 | −0.7 | 2.5 | −55.4 | 87.9 | 0.18 | 1.8 | 0.7 | −1.1 | 7.0 | −59.1 | 85.0 | 0.07 | |
T2: temperature at 2 m; RH2: relative humidity at 2 m; WS10: wind speed at 10 m; WD10: wind direction at 10 m; Precip: precipitation; DJF: winter; MAM: spring; JJA: summer; SON: autumn; MB: mean bias; RMSE: root mean square error; NMB: normalized mean bias; NME: normalized mean error; Corr.: correlation coefficient; Obs.: observation; Sim.: prediction.