Table 1.
The differences between macrophages and MSCs after Mtb infection.
| Item | Macrophages | MSCs |
|---|---|---|
| LDs | IFN-γ/HIF-1α promotes the formation of intracellular LDs (53); lower levels of LDs accumulation (26) | Mechanism is unknown; high levels of LDs accumulation (26) |
| IFN-γ stimulation | Activating macrophages to kill Mtb; The expression of ROS increased; No increase in PGE2 release (54) | The CFU of intracellular Mtb increased in a dose-dependent manner; ROS production is not affected; The expression of PGE2 increased; increasing autophagy flux (23) |
| Phagocytosis of Mtb | Mannose receptor (MR) is a major receptor (55) | MR was not involved (25) |
| Autophagy | Decreasing Mtb viability (56) Autophagy is induced by activated macrophages (56, 57) |
Intracellular Mtb growth restriction; MSCs have inherent autophagy (25) |
| Intracellular Mtb | Active replication (22); no significant change in morphology (26); most of Mtb are located to early endosomes immediately after infection (22) | No proliferation and dormancy state (22, 25); increasing bacterial cell density and reduction in cell size (26); Most of Mtb are located in cytosol (22) |
| Cellular states | Cells die at very low levels of infection (26) | Cells enter into a quiescent state (22) |
| Oxidizing reaction | Releasing lower levels of NO (58) | Releasing higher levels of NO (25) |
| Phagocytic ability of Mtb | Stronger (22) | Weaker (22) |
| Mtb efflux pumps | Rv0194, Rv1218c, Rv1272c, Rv1273c, Rv1463, Rv1687c, Rv2686c, Rv2687c, Rv2688c, Rv1348, Rv1349, Rv3239c, Rv3728, Rv1183, Rv1146, Rv0969, Rv3578 (59) | ABC transporters ABCC1 and ABCG2 (23) |