Table 2.
Bivariate Analyses Examining Correlates of Past 30-day E-cigarette Use, E-cigarette Advertising/Media Exposure and Point-of-Sale Age Verification (Almost Always or Often vs Never, Rarely or Sometimes) among Young Adults in 6 US MSAs Assessed September-December 2018, N = 3006
| Total | Past 30-day e-cigarette use | Advertising/media exposure | Frequency of age verification at point-of-salea | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | No | Yes | Almost always or often | Never, rarely or sometimes | |||||
| N = 3006 (100%) |
N = 1873 (62.3%) |
N = 1133 (37.7%) |
N = 944 (31.4%) |
N = 2062 (68.6%) |
N = 554 (48.9%) |
N = 579 (51.1%) |
||||
| Variables | N (%) or M (SD) | N (%) or M (SD) | N (%) or M (SD) | p | N (%) or M (SD) | N (%) or M (SD) | p | N (%) or M (SD) | N (%) or M (SD) | p |
| Sociodemographics | ||||||||||
| Age, M (SD) | 24.56 (4.72) | 24.95 (4.64) | 23.91 (4.78) | < .001 | 24.90 (4.75) | 24.40 (4.69) | .007 | 23.04 (4.34) | 24.74 (5.02) | < .001 |
| Male, N (%)b | 1271 (42.3) | 735 (39.2) | 536 (47.3) | < .001 | 391 (41.4) | 880 (42.7) | .809 | 262 (47.3) | 274 (47.3) | .812 |
| Sexual minority, N (%) | 950 (31.6) | 548 (29.3) | 402 (35.5) | < .001 | 282 (29.9) | 668 (32.4) | .167 | 218 (39.4) | 184 (31.8) | .008 |
| Race, N (%) | < .001 | .009 | .091 | |||||||
| White | 2151 (71.6) | 1299 (69.4) | 852 (75.2) | 668 (70.8) | 1483 (71.9) | 429 (77.4) | 423 (73.1) | |||
| Black | 159 (5.3) | 116 (6.2) | 43 (3.8) | 62 (6.6) | 97 (4.7) | 14 (2.5) | 29 (5.0) | |||
| Asian | 367 (12.2) | 277 (14.8) | 90 (7.9) | 129 (13.7) | 238 (11.5) | 45 (8.1) | 45 (7.8) | |||
| Other | 329 (11.0) | 181 (9.7) | 148 (13.1) | 85 (9.0) | 244 (11.8) | 66 (11.9) | 82 (14.2) | |||
| Hispanic, N (%) | 343 (11.4) | 188 (10.0) | 155 (13.7) | .002 | 93 (9.9) | 250 (12.1) | .069 | 73 (13.2) | 82 (14.2) | .629 |
| Foreign born, N (%) | 286 (9.5) | 208 (11.1) | 78 (6.9) | < .001 | 108 (11.4) | 178 (8.6) | .015 | 44 (7.9) | 34 (5.9) | .169 |
| Education ≥ bachelor’s degree, N (%) | 2203 (73.3) | 1489 (79.5) | 714 (63.0) | < .001 | 694 (73.5) | 1509 (73.2) | .847 | 353 (63.7) | 361 (62.3) | .633 |
| Employment, N (%) | < .001 | .410 | .014 | |||||||
| Student | 825 (27.4) | 531 (28.4) | 294 (25.9) | 259 (27.4) | 566 (27.4) | 166 (30.0) | 128 (22.1) | |||
| Unemployed | 244 (8.1) | 154 (8.2) | 90 (7.9) | 85 (9.0) | 159 (7.7) | 37 (6.7) | 53 (9.2) | |||
| Full-time | 1202 (40.0) | 780 (41.6) | 422 (37.2) | 384 (40.7) | 818 (39.7) | 193 (34.8) | 229 (39.6) | |||
| Part-time | 735 (24.5) | 408 (21.8) | 327 (28.9) | 216 (22.9) | 519 (25.2) | 158 (28.5) | 169 (29.2) | |||
| Relationship status, N (%) | .473 | .391 | .480 | |||||||
| Single | 1876 (62.4) | 1182 (63.1) | 694 (61.3) | 602 (63.8) | 1274 (61.8) | 349 (63.0) | 345 (59.6) | |||
| Married/living with partner | 1089 (36.2) | 668 (35.7) | 421 (37.2) | 327 (34.6) | 762 (37.0) | 196 (35.4) | 225 (38.9) | |||
| Other | 41 (1.4) | 23 (1.2) | 18 (1.6) | 15 (1.6) | 26 (1.3) | 9 (1.6) | 9 (1.6) | |||
| Children in the home, N (%) | 611 (20.3) | 348 (18.6) | 263 (23.2) | .002 | 186 (19.7) | 425 (20.6) | .566 | 112 (20.2) | 151 (26.1) | .019 |
| Past 30-day use, N (%) | ||||||||||
| E-cigarettes | 1133 (37.7) | -- | -- | -- | 307 (32.5) | 826 (40.1) | < .001 | -- | -- | |
| Cigarettes | 808 (26.9) | 237 (12.7) | 571 (50.4) | < .001 | 228 (24.2) | 580 (28.1) | .022 | 257 (46.4) | 314 (54.2) | .008 |
| Other tobacco products | 661 (22.0) | 191 (10.2) | 470 (41.5) | < .001 | 191 (20.2) | 470 (22.8) | .116 | 222 (40.1) | 248 (42.8) | .346 |
| Marijuana | 1178 (39.2) | 500 (26.7) | 678 (59.8) | < .001 | 364 (38.6) | 814 (39.5) | .663 | 357 (64.4) | 321 (55.4) | .002 |
| Past 30-day ad/media exposure, N (%) | ||||||||||
| Ads, promotions, coupons, discounts | 1918 (63.8) | 1180 (63.0) | 738 (65.1) | .238 | -- | -- | -- | 354 (63.9) | 384 (66.3) | .392 |
| Reviews or recommendations | 1149 (38.2) | 551(29.4) | 598 (52.8) | < .001 | -- | -- | 288 (52.0) | 310 (53.5) | .600 | |
| Either of the above | 2062 (68.6) | 1236 (66.0) | 826 (72.9) | < .001 | -- | -- | 409 (73.8) | 417 (72.0) | .494 | |
| Most common purchase location, N (%)ƚ | N = 935 | -- | N = 245 | N = 690 | N = 486 | N = 449 | ||||
| Gas station/convenience store | 139 (14.8) | -- | -- | 44 (18.0) | 95 (13.8) | .050 | 82 (16.9) | 57 (12.7) | .020 | |
| Online | 206 (22.0) | -- | -- | 40 (16.3) | 166 (24.1) | 90 (18.5) | 116 (25.8) | |||
| Vape shop | 506 (54.1) | -- | -- | 136 (55.5) | 370 (53.6) | 265 (54.5) | 241 (53.7) | |||
| Tobacco specialty shop | 84 (9.0) | -- | -- | 25 (10.2) | 59 (8.6) | 49 (10.1) | 35 (7.8) | |||
Note.
p-values indicate omnibus tests (per t-tests and chi-square).
a
Among past 30-day e-cigarette users.
b
87 reported “other” sex.
c
Among past 30-day e-cigarette users who reported purchasing e-cigarettes (excluding “other” purchase locations), N = 935.