Table 1.
Methodological and characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review
| Reference | Country/ Year | N/N* | Mean Age/Gender | Objective | Randomization | Intervention | Study Duration (in days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Friedman et al 12 | USA/2009 | 51/26 | 63,6 ± 7,1 M/F | Demonstrate the efficacy of light therapy in the insomnia treatment in older adults | The individuals were randomized into four treatment groups: dim light in the morning, dim light at night, bright light in the morning, and bright light at night. | Patients received approximately 4,000 lux, 15 minutes after waking up, for 45 minutes, associated with sleep hygiene | 84/84** |
| Kirisoglu & Guilleminault 10 | USA/2004 | 30/30 | 64,8 ± 7 M/F | Evaluate the difference in the efficacy of light therapy in the insomnia treatment | Random distribution of daily exposure groups, blind analysis of comparison data | Patients received, 10,000 lux for 20 or 45 minutes, 5 minutes after waking up, associated with sleep hygiene | 60/60** |
| Remesar-Lopez 2 | Brazil/2002 | 20/20 | 25,2 ± 11,3 M/F | Evaluate the effects of isolated and combined use of melatonin and light therapy | The volunteers were randomly divided into three groups: morning light therapy and placebo at night; placebo of morning light therapy and melatonin at night; and morning light therapy and melatonin at night. | The patients received 10,000 lux for 30 minutes, starting after verification of the minimum rectal temperature of each volunteer, separated into groups with and without melatonin | 28/28** |
| Sharkey et al. 11 | USA/2011 | 25/25 | 21,8 ± 3 M/F | Observe the effects of advanced sleep schedule | Participants were randomly assigned to groups to receive "blue" or "dim" light for 1h after waking each day. | Patients received 225 lux for 1 hour, just after waking up, with pre-established times to go to bed | 15/6** |
| Geerdink et al 9 | Netherlans 2016 |
39/39 | 21,4 ± 6,5 M/F | Analyze the efficacy of blue light pulses of compared to amber light pulses | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing pulses of blue light versus amber placebo light | Patients received blue light pulses (± 2,600 lux) and amber light pulses (320 lux) 30 minutes after waking up, with pre-established times to go to bed | 30/9** |
*
Considering just sample that received light therapy in the morning and control
**
Considering only the application days of light therapy