Table 1. Sample, voucher, and species composition for each food product sampled for this study.
The format for Sample Designation is the project code (WMF) followed by the sample ID (A-H,1-11) followed by the DNA extraction replicate (1or 2) followed by the PCR replicate (a, b, or none). The number of ASVs assigned a species name by DADA2 is secondfrom the right. Individual ASV numbers for ASVs that were not assigned a species name by DADA2 are at far right. Likelywild-collected species are indicated by an asterisk. Potentially poisonous species are in bold.
| Sample Designation | Accession Number | Stated Product Origin | Sample Type | Verbatim Ingredient Label | Scientific name for stated ingredients | Wild or Cultivable | Taxon assignment (DADA2) | Species ID (DADA2 & phylogeny) | Common Name | ASV counts | ASV Tree ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WMF-A-1a | UT-M0001396 | Not stated | Mushroom Powder | Dehydrated porcini mushrooms | N/A | Wild | Agaricus sipapuensis | Agaricus bisporus | button mushroom | 44 | |
| Suillus granulatus | Suillus granulatus (SH1555178.08)* | slippery jack | 359 | ||||||||
| Suillus brunnescens | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | 41 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 1 | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | ASV 79, 134, 143, 145 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 2 | Suillus aff. collinitus* | slippery jack | ASV 47 | ||||||||
| WMF-A-1b | UT-M0001396 | Not stated | Mushroom Powder | Dehydrated porcini mushrooms | N/A | Wild | Agaricus sipapuensis | Agaricus bisporus | button mushroom | 63 | |
| Suillus granulatus | Suillus granulatus (SH1555178.08)* | slippery jack | 960 | ||||||||
| Lentinula edodes | Lentinula edodes | shiitake | 9 | ||||||||
| Suillus pseudobrevipes | Suillus sp.* | slippery jack | 17 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 1 | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | ASV 112, 171, 182 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 2 | Suillus aff. collinitus* | slippery jack | ASV 125, 47 | ||||||||
| WMF-A-2 | UT-M0001396 | Not stated | Mushroom Powder | Dehydrated porcini mushrooms | N/A | Wild | Suillus granulatus | Suillus granulatus (SH1555178.08)* | slippery jack | 1806 | |
| Agaricus sipapuensis | Agaricus bisporus | button mushroom | 93 | ||||||||
| Lentinula edodes | Lentinula edodes | shiitake | 14 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 2 | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | ASV 176 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 3 | Suillus aff. collinitus* | slippery jack | ASV 22, 49 | ||||||||
| WMF-B-1a | N/A | Western USA | Pasta sauce (chunks) | Mushrooms (portabella, shiitake, porcini and others) | Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, Boletus edulis | Wild and Cultivatable | Suillus granulatus | Suillus granulatus (SH1555178.08)* | slippery jack | 120 | |
| WMF-C-1a | N/A | Western USA | Pasta sauce (chunks) | Mushrooms (porcini, champignon, portabella) | Boletus edulis, Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bisporus | Wild and Cultivatable | Suillus granulatus | Suillus granulatus (SH1555178.08)* | slippery jack | 93 | |
| WMF-D-1a | UT-M0001397 | Not Stated | Dried Mushrooms | Porcini | N/A | Wild | Tylopilus microsporus | Tylopilus microsporus* | 592 | ||
| Unidentified Retiboletus sp. 1 | Retiboletus fuscus (SH1505579.08)* | ASV 4,22, 51, 59, 163, 8 | |||||||||
| Unidentified Bothia sp. 1 | Tylopilus pseudoballouii (SH1612153.08)* | ASV 177 | |||||||||
| Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 1 | Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 1 (aff. SH1633670.08)* | ASV16, 148, 114, 21 | |||||||||
| Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 3 | Caloboletus yunnanensis (SH1516565.08)* | ASV 67, 98, 101, 88 | |||||||||
| WMF-D-1b | UT-M0001397 | Not Stated | Dried Mushrooms | Porcini | N/A | Wild | Tylopilus microsporus | Tylopilus microsporus* | 377 | ||
| Unidentified Retiboletus sp. 1 | Retiboletus fuscus (SH1505579.08)* | ASV 129, 108, 127, 8, 4, 153 | |||||||||
| Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 1 | Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 1 (aff. SH1633670.08)* | ASV 21, 16 | |||||||||
| Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 3 | Caloboletus yunnanensis (SH1516565.08)* | ASV 17, 20, | |||||||||
| WMF-D-1c | UT-M0001397 | Not Stated | Dried Mushrooms | Porcini | N/A | Wild | Tylopilus microsporus | Tylopilus microsporus* | 580 | ||
| Amanita pseudoporphyria* | Amanita pseudoporphyria* | 6 | |||||||||
| Unidentified Retiboletus sp. 1 | Retiboletus fuscus (SH1505579.08)* | ASV 59, 22, 136, 4, 90, 116, 103, 51, 8, 109, 115 | |||||||||
| Unidentified Bothia sp. 1 | Tylopilus pseudoballouii (SH1612153.08)* | ASV 152 | |||||||||
| Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 1 | Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 1 (aff. SH1633670.08)* | ASV 16, 21 | |||||||||
| Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 3 | Caloboletus yunnanensis (SH1516565.08)* | ASV 111, 113, 102, 149, 124, 95, 128, 17, 119, 20 | |||||||||
| WMF-D-2 | UT-M0001397 | Not Stated | Dried Mushrooms | Porcini | N/A | Wild | Tylopilus microsporus | Tylopilus microsporus* | N/A | 468 | |
| Lactifluus volemus | Lactifluus indovolemus (SH3565967.08)* | N/A | 198 | ||||||||
| Amanita pseudoporphyria* | Amanita pseudoporphyria* | N/A | 25 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Lactifluus sp. | Lactifluus indovolemus (SH3565967.08)* | N/A | ASV 216 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 3 | Caloboletus yunnanensis* | N/A | ASV 68 | ||||||||
| WMF-E-1a | UT-M0001398 | Siberia | Dried Mushrooms | Porcini | N/A | Wild | Boletus pinophilus | Boletus pinophilus* | porcini | 2325 | |
| WMF-E-1b | UT-M0001398 | Siberia | Dried Mushrooms | Porcini | N/A | Wild | Boletus pinophilus | Boletus pinophilus* | porcini | 2604 | |
| WMF-E-2 | UT-M0001398 | Siberia | Dried Mushrooms | Porcini | N/A | Wild | Boletus pinophilus* | Boletus pinophilus* | porcini | 3300 | |
| WMF-F-1 | UT-M0001399 | Not stated | Mushroom Powder | Dried bolete mushrooms | Boletus spp. | Wild | Agaricus sipapuensis | Agaricus bisporus | button mushroom | 121 | |
| Suillus granulatus | Suillus granulatus (SH1555178.08)* | slippery jack | 467 | ||||||||
| Lentinula edodes | Lentinula edodes | shiitake | 637 | ||||||||
| Pleurotus ostreatus | Pleurotus ostreatus | oyster | 222 | ||||||||
| Grifola frondosa | Grifola frondosa | maitake | 19 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 1 | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | ASV 25 | ||||||||
| WMF-F-2 | UT-M0001399 | Not stated | Mushroom Powder | Dried bolete mushrooms | Boletus spp. | Wild | Pleurotus ostreatus | Pleurotus ostreatus | oyster | 361 | |
| Suillus granulatus* | Suillus granulatus (SH1555178.08)* | slippery jack | 1258 | ||||||||
| Agaricus sipapuensis | Agaricus bisporus | button mushroom | 127 | ||||||||
| Lentinula edodes | Lentinula edodes | shiitake | 598 | ||||||||
| Paxillus ammoniavirescens* | Paxillus ammoniavirescens* | N/A | 5 | ||||||||
| WMF-G-1 | UT-M0001400 | Not stated | Mushroom Powder | Dried porcini mushrooms | N/A | Wild | Boletus pinophilus | Boletus pinophilus* | porcini | 2832 | |
| WMF-H-1 | UT-M0001401 | Turkey | Powder Soup mix | Dried mushrooms, Mushroom powder, Mushroom granules | N/A | N/A | Agaricus sipapuensis | Agaricus bisporus | button mushroom | 4281 | |
| Suillus granulatus | Suillus granulatus (SH1555178.08)* | slippery jack | 6 | ||||||||
| WMF-H-2 | UT-M0001401 | Turkey | Powder Soup mix | Dried mushrooms, Mushroom powder, Mushroom granules | N/A | N/A | Agaricus sipapuensis | Agaricus bisporus | button mushroom | 2843 | |
| Agaricus bisporus | Agaricus bisporus | button mushroom | 636 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Agaricus sp. 1 | Agaricus bisporus | button mushroom | ASV 83, 116, 95, 149, 53, 85, 99, 6, 86, 144, 84, 141, 31, 112, 110 | ||||||||
| WMF-1-1 | UT-M0001402 | not stated | Dried Mushrooms | boletus edulis, cantharellus, cibarius, leccinum |
Boletus edulis, Cantharellus spp., Cantharellus cibarius, Leccinum spp. |
Wild | Russula olivacea | Russula olivacea (SH1560124.08)* | 78 | ||
| WMF-2-1 | UT-M0001403 | Chile, China, Serbia, and/or Montenegro | Dried Mushrooms | Suilius luteus, Auricularia-judae, Boletus edulis, Pleurotus osteratus | Suillus luteus, Auricularia auricula-judae, Boletus edulis, Pleurotus ostreatus | Wild and Cultivatable | Pleurotus ostreatus | Pleurotus ostreatus | oyster | 2174 | |
| Suillus brunnescens | Suillus granulatus (SH1555178.08)* | slippery jack | 158 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Auricularia sp. | Auricularia aff. cornea | wood ear | ASV67 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 1 | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | ASV 37, 20, 10, 52, 56, 14, 9, 50, 23, 39 | ||||||||
| WMF-2-2 | UT-M0001403 | Chile, China, Serbia, and/or mentenegro | Dried Mushrooms | Suilius luteus, Auricularia-judae, Boletus edulis, Pleurotus osteratus | Suillus luteus, Auricularia auricula-judae, Boletus edulis, Pleurotus ostreatus | Wild and Cultivatable | Pleurotus ostreatus | Pleurotus ostreatus | oyster | 1378 | |
| Suillus brunnescens | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | 245 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 1 | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | ASV 139, 166, 140, 171, 24, 121, 107, 5, 63, 108, 46, 43, 155, 151, 162, 97 | ||||||||
| WMF-3-1 | UT-M0001404 | not stated | Mushroom Powder | Dried mushrooms | N/A | N/A | Lentinula edodes | Lentinula edodes | shiitake | 912 | |
| Suillus granulatus | Suillus granulatus (SH1555178.08)* | slippery jack | 641 | ||||||||
| Agaricus sipapuensis | Agaricus bisporus | button mushroom | 168 | ||||||||
| Paxillus ammoniavirescens* | Paxillus ammoniavirescens* | 5 | |||||||||
| Unidentified Retiboletus sp. 2 | Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 2 (aff. SH1152060.08)* | ASV71 | |||||||||
| WMF-4-1 | UT-M0001405 | Bulgaria | Dried Mushrooms | no ingredient list | N/A | N/A | Amanita caesareoides | Amanita caesarea* | Caesar’s mushroom (a.k.a. ovolo (It.), impériale (Fr.)) | 254 | |
| WMF-5-1 | UT-M0001406 | Europe | Mushroom Powder | no ingredient list | N/A | N/A | Calocybe gambosa | Calocybe gambosa* | St. George’s mushroom | 90 | |
| Boletus pinophilus | Boletus pinophilus* | porcini | 32 | ||||||||
| Amanita caesareoides* | Amanita caesarea* | Caesar’s mushroom (a.k.a. ovolo (It.), impériale (Fr.)) | 10 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Auricularia sp. | Auricularia aff. cornea | wood ear | ASV67 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Retiboletus sp. 2 | Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 2 (aff. SH1152060.08)* | N/A | ASV71 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 1 | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | ASV 50, 56, 37, 20, 23, 39, 52, 10, 9, 14 | ||||||||
| WMF-5-2 | UT-M0001406 | Europe | Mushroom Powder | no ingredient list | N/A | N/A | Calocybe gambosa | Calocybe gambosa* | St. George’s mushroom | 54 | |
| Boletus edulis | Boletus edulis* | porcini | 5 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Lactifluus sp. | Lactifluus indovolemus (SH3565967.08)* | N/A | ASV 216 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Pleurotus sp. 1 | Pleurotus eryngii complex | King oyster | ASV 209, 204 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Pleurotus sp. 2 | Pleurotus eryngii complex | King oyster | ASV 190 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Agaricus sp. 1 | Agaricus bisporus | button mushroom | ASV 6, 110, 99, 116, 144, 149, 83, 95, 85, 53, 141, 86, 84, 112, 31 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 2 | Rugiboletus extremiorientalis* | N/A | ASV 221 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Boletaceae sp. 3 | Caloboletus yunnanensis* | N/A | ASV 68 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 1 | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | ASV 162, 108, 43, 107, 76, 63, 139, 166, 5, 155, 151, 140, 46, 143, 97, 24, 121, 171 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 2 | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | ASV 176, 114, 102, 103 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 3 | Suillus aff. collinitus* | slippery jack | ASV 49, 22 | ||||||||
| WMF-6-2 | UT-M0001407 | Chengdu, Sichuan, China | Dried Mushrooms | Porcini Mushroom | N/A | Wild | Suillus granulatus | Suillus granulatus (SH1555178.08)* | slippery jack | 1872 | |
| Grifola frondosa | Grifola frondosa | maitake | 5 | ||||||||
| Suillus brunnescens | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | 101 | ||||||||
| Rutstroemia firma | Rutstroemia firma* | N/A | 60 | ||||||||
| Auricularia auricula-judae | Auricularia auricula-judae | wood ear | 6 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 2 | Suillus luteus* | slippery jack | ASV 102, 103, 114 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Suillus sp. 3 | Suillus aff. collinitus* | slippery jack | ASV 22 | ||||||||
| WMF-7-2 | UT-M0001408 | Russia | Dried Mushrooms | Dried White mushroom (Grade 1) | N/A | N/A | Boletus pinophilus | Boletus pinophilus* | porcini | 209 | |
| WMF-10-2 | UT-M0001411 | China | Dried Mushrooms | Mixed mushrooms (shiitake, oyster mushrooms, Nameko mushrooms) | Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus spp., Pholiota nameko | Wild and Cultivatable | Pleurotus ostreatus | Pleurotus ostreatus | oyster | 3130 | |
| Lentinula edodes | Lentinula edodes | shiitake | 271 | ||||||||
| Grifola frondosa | Grifola frondosa | maitake | 2011 | ||||||||
| Pholiota microspora | Pholiota microspora | nameko | 307 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Pleurotus sp. 1 | Pleurotus eryngii complex | king oyster | ASV 209, 204 | ||||||||
| Unidentified Pleurotus sp. 2 | Pleurotus eryngii complex | king oyster | ASV 190 | ||||||||
| WMF-11-2 | UT-M0001412 | Brazil | Mushroom Powder | Favolus brasilliensis, Hydnopolyporus fimbriatus, Lentinula raphanica, Lentinus bertieri, L. concavus, L. crintius, Panus neostrigosus = P. lecomtei, P. strigellus, P. velutinus, Pleurotus albidus, P. djamor, Polyporus aquosus, P. phillippinesis, Polyporus aff. thailandensis, P. tricholoma | Favolus brasilliensis, Hydnopolyporus fimbriatus, Lentinula raphanica, Lentinus bertieri, Lentinus concavus, Lentinus crintius, Panus neostrigosus, Panus strigellus, Panus velutinus, Pleurotus albidus, Pleurotus djamor, Polyporus aquosus, Polyporus phillippinesis, Polyporus aff. Thailandensis, Polyporus tricholoma | Wild | Lentinus striatulus | Lentinus striatulus* | N/A | 741 | |
| Panus strigellus | Panus strigellus* | N/A | 956 | ||||||||
| Lentinus berteroi | Lentinus berteroi/crinitus* | N/A | 557 | ||||||||
| Polyporus tricholoma | Polyporus tricholoma* | N/A | 268 | ||||||||
| Ceriporia lacerata | Ceriporia aff. lacerata* | N/A | 157 | ||||||||
| Pleurotus djamor | Pleurotus djamor* | pink oyster | 103 | ||||||||
| Favolus tenuiculus | Favolus tenuiculus* | N/A | 335 | ||||||||
| Podoscypha venustula | Podoscypha venustula* | N/A | 8 |