. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Child Dev. 2020 Oct 8;92(2):731–745. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13466

Table 2.

Ventral Striatum Sensitivity to Social Rewards and Social Punishments Moderates Link Between Perceived Peer Group Norms and Adolescent Risk Taking

	ΔR²	B (SE)	p	95% CI
Reward - Neutral
Step 1, Covariates	.072		.007
RPI		−.108 (.080)	.177	[−.266, .050]
Age		.243 (.081)	.003	[.082, .403]
Step 2, Main Effects	.176		.000
Peer Group Norms (PGN)		.394 (.075)	.000	[.246, .542]
VS Reward-Neutral		.130 (.072)	.074	[−.013, .273]
Step 3, Interaction	.027		.030
PGN * VS		.161 (.073)	.030	[.016, .306]
Total R²	.275

Punishment - Neutral
Step 1, Covariates	.072		.007
RPI		−.108 (.080)	.177	[−.266, .050]
Age		.243 (.081)	.003	[.082, .403]
Step 2, Main Effects	.160		.000
Peer Group Norms (PGN)		.396 (.076)	.000	[.246, .546]
VS Punish-Neutral		.048 (.078)	.537	[−.105, .201]
Step 3, Interaction	.050		.003
PGN * VS		.229 (.076)	.003	[.078, .380]
Total R²	.282

Note. PGN=peer group norms; VS= ventral striatum activation; RPI=resistance to peer influence