Table 3.

Predictors of escalation to opioids.

	Odds ratio	Significance
Craniotomy	8.6	0.010
Preoperative opioid use	0.001	0.999
Age	1	0.999
Body mass index (BMI)	0.975	0.605
Procedure length	1.165	0.586
Type 2 diabetes	0.542	0.626
Hypertension	0.660	0.695
Depression	2.377	0.347
Anxiety	3.541	0.121
Sex	0.777	0.699

Bold values indicate statistically significant findings.