. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 5.

Published in final edited form as: Aphasiology. 2020 May 14;34(11):1341–1362. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2020.1759774

Table 5.

Significant partial correlations between verbal fluency tasks, age, bilingual language history, and language assessments including both healthy bilinguals and BPWA after controlling for group.

Measures	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19
1. Age	1.00	0.38	0.10	−0.37	^ 0.55**	−0.40	−0.34	^* −0.69**	0.39	−0.39	0.29	−0.32	−0.09	−0.25	−0.41	^* −0.45	^ −0.43**	−0.25	^* −0.45
2. L2 AoA		1.00	−0.12	^ −0.47**	−0.33	−0.40	−0.27	^ −0.51**	0.16	−0.16	0.16	^* −0.77**	−0.07	−0.36	−0.35	^ −0.54**	−0.39	−0.28	−0.43
3. NS-L1			1.00	0.04	−0.27	^* 0.61**	0.39	0.13	−0.16	0.16	^* 0.62**	0.12	^ 0.54**	0.33	0.30	0.26	^* 0.43	0.30	−0.06
4. NS-L2				1.00	0.33	0.36	0.08	^* 0.75**	−0.14	0.14	−0.02	0.31	−0.02	^ 0.51**	0.27	^* 0.65**	^* 0.45	0.30	0.43
5.SS					1.00	0.06	0.33	^* 0.46	−0.11	0.11	−0.31	0.18	0.09	0.30	^ 0.56**	^ 0.51**	0.33	0.05	^* 0.73**
6. FS						1.00	^ 0.54**	^* 0.58**	−0.34	0.34	0.23	^ 0.53**	^ 0.52**	^* 0.73**	^ 0.50**	^* 0.65**	^* 0.78**	^ 0.53**	^* 0.44
7. LF-L1							1.00	0.34	^ −0.48**	^ 0.48**	0.17	0.25	^ 0.49**	^ 0.49**	^* 0.64**	^* 0.58**	^ 0.54**	0.28	^* 0.63**
8. LF-L2								1.00	−0.31	0.31	0.04	0.39	0.29	^* 0.61**	^ 0.54**	^* 0.76**	^* 0.73**	^ 0.51**	^* 0.57**
9. L1 Usage									1.00	^* −1.00**	−0.02	−0.27	−0.07	−0.32	−0.28	^* −0.47	−0.21	−0.28	−0.31
10. L2 Usage										1.00	0.02	0.27	0.07	0.32	0.28	^* 0.47	0.21	0.28	0.31
11. L1 Lifetime Confidence											1.00	−0.23	^ 0.53**	0.02	0.26	0.03	0.32	0.21	−0.11
12. L2 Lifetime Confidence												1.00	0.00	^* 0.46	0.17	^ 0.53**	0.31	0.38	0.37
13. L1 Naming Screener													1.00	0.41	^* 0.68**	0.42	^* 0.76**	^* 0.57**	0.38
14. L2 Naming Screener														1.00	^* 0.44	^* 0.80**	^* 0.68**	^* 0.59**	^* 0.57**
15. L1 PALPA															1.00	^* 0.70**	^* 0.75**	0.41	^* 0.74**
16. L2 PALPA																1.00	^* 0.77**	^* 0.59**	^* 0.79**
17. L1 BAT																	1.00	^* 0.65**	^* 0.63**
18.L2 BAT																		1.00	0.34
19.PAPT																			1.00

Significant partial correlations are marked in bold with p value significance threshold defined as ≤ .020 after correcting for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure:

p <.02;

^**

p <.01;

^***

p <.001.

Variables of interest are been color-coded as follows: LUQ measures in yellow, category and letter fluency tasks in green, and language assessments in orange.

L2 AoA = L2 Age of Acquisition; NS-L1 = No Switch, L1; NS-L2 = No Switch, L2; SS = Self-Switch; FS = Forced Switch; LF-L1 = L1 letter fluency composite score; LF-L2 = L2 letter fluency composite score; L1 PALPA = PALPA composite score, L1; L2 PALPA = PALPA composite score, L2; L1 BAT = BAT composite score, L1; L2 BAT = BAT composite score, L2; PAPT: Pyramids and Palm Trees test.