Fig. 1.

Relation of increased antisocial behavior (AB) to increased amygdala reactivity while viewing sad facial expressions. In (a), the functional cluster for bilateral amygdala reactivity to sad > neutral facial expressions. The voxel-wise threshold is set at p < .01, which resulted in a cluster threshold of 25 contiguous voxels for small volume correction in the amygdala region of interest (ROI). The color bar shows t values. Details about the significant clusters are reported in Table 1. In (b), callous-unemotional traits (CU) moderate the association between AB and right amygdala reactivity to sad > neutral facial expressions. Simple slopes plotted at mean levels and ±1 SD above and below the mean for CU traits, as recommended by Aiken, West, and Reno (1991) and using an online computational tool (Preacher, Curran, & Bauer, 2006). The stars next to the lines indicate significant slopes. At low and mean levels of CU traits but not at high levels of CU traits, increased right amygdala reactivity to sad > neutral facial expressions was significantly related to higher AB. The dashed line indicates the level of AB at which the association is significant (AB factor score > 4.65; 0.6% of the sample).