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. 2021 Jul 26;17(7):e1009149. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009149

Table 1. Default duration parameters, in days, used in the Covasim model.

Parameter Description Distribution (mean, std) Source
τinf Exposed-to-infectious: Length of time after exposure before an individual is infectious (i.e., has begun viral shedding) τinf ~ lognormal(4.5, 1.5) From Lauer et al. [37]; additional sources Du et al., Nishiura et al., and Pung et al. [3840].
τsym Infectious-to-symptomatic: Length of time after viral shedding has begun before an individual has symptoms τsym ~ lognormal(1.1, 0.9) Linton et al. [41] report the incubation period as 5.6 days (95% CI: 5.0–6.3 days). Using the period of exposure before becoming infectious, we infer the period of viral shedding before symptomatic. However, other studies have estimated longer periods, e.g. [42].
τsev Symptomatic-to-severe: Length of time after symptoms have started that symptoms have become severe (i.e., requiring hospitalization) τsev ~ lognormal(6.6, 4.9) Linton et al. [41], Wang et al. [43]
τcri Severe-to-critical: Length of time after severe symptoms have started that symptoms have become critical (i.e., requiring ICU) τcri ~ lognormal(1.5, 2.0) Chen et al. [44], Wang et al. [43]
τdea Critical-to-death: Time from onset of critical symptoms to death τdea ~ lognormal(10.7, 4.8) Verity et al. [45]
τra Time from infectiousness onset to recovery for asymptomatic cases τra ~ lognormal(8.0, 2.0) Wölfel et al. [46]
τrm Time from symptom onset to recovery for mild cases τrm ~ lognormal(8.0, 2.0) Wölfel et al. [46]
τrs Time from onset of severe symptoms to recovery for severe cases τrs ~ lognormal(18.1, 6.3) Verity et al. [45]
τrc Time from onset of critical symptoms to recovery for critical cases τrc ~ lognormal(18.1, 6.3) Verity et al. [45]