Table 2.
Summary of dietary compounds involved in beige adipogenesis.
| Molecule name | Main source | Target | Action mechanism | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | Turmeric | β3-AR | ↑ β3-AR and plasma NE | (72) | ||
| Resveratrol | Grape skins | AMPKα1 | AMPKα1-SIRT1 activation | (73) | ||
| Berberine | Coptis chinensis | AMPK | AMPKα1-PGC1α activation | (74) | ||
| ↑ TH and sympathetic outflow | ||||||
| Capsaicin | Red chili pepper | TRPV1 | CaMKII-AMPK-SIRT1 activation | (75) | ||
| EPA and DHA | Fish oil | TRPV1 | Sympathetic nerve activation | (76) | ||
| Anti-inflammatory action | ||||||
| Menthol | Menta | TRPM8 | PKA phosphorylation-mediated | (77) | ||
| UCP1 activation | ||||||
| Catechins and | Green tea and | AMPK,PPARα | AMPK activation | (78, 79) | ||
| theaflavins | black tea | |||||
| Ginsenoside | Panax ginseng | AMPK | AMPK activation | (80, 81) | ||
| Honokiol | Magnolia | ERK | ERK activation | (82) | ||
| Naringenin | Citrus | AMPK,PPARα and γ | ↑ AGTL,PGC1α and β | (83) | ||
AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; ATGL, adipose triglyceride lipase; β3-AR, β3-adrenoceptor; CaMKII, Ca2+/calmodulindependent protein kinase II; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; NE, norepinephrine; PGC-1 α/β, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator l alpha/beta; PKA, protein kinase A; PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; TRPM8, transient receptor potential melastatin 8; TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1; UCP1, uncoupling protein 1.
The arrows mean the elevating level of related substance and process.