Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted risk of major outcomes stratified by paternal age in 69,964 pregnancies.
| Paternal age (years) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted model, OR (95% CI) | <25 (n = 752) | 25–34 (n = 48,545) | 35–44 (n = 19,263) | >44 (n = 1,404) |
| Gestational weeks (weeks) | 0.13 (0.03 to 0.23) | reference | −0.31 (−0.34 to −0.29) | −0.44 (−0.52 to −0.37) |
| Preterm birth (<37 w) | 1.03 (0.74 to 1.43) | reference | 1.35 (1.26 to 1.45) | 1.69 (1.38 to 2.06) |
| Very early preterm birth (<34 w) | 1.19 (0.56 to 2.51) | reference | 1.82 (1.56 to 2.13) | 2.38 (1.59 to 3.55) |
| Birth weight (mean, 95%CI) | 3.17 (-28.69 to 35.04) | reference | 3.01 (−4.37 to 10.40) | −17.39 (−40.88 to 6.08) |
| Low birth weight (<2,500 g) | 1.24 (0.83 to 1.85) | reference | 1.31 (1.19 to 1.44) | 1.89 (1.47 to 2.41) |
| Small for gestational age (10%) | 1.42 (0.91 to 2.22) | reference | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.95) | 0.67 (0.42 to 1.08) |
| Large for gestational age (90%) | 1.04 (0.86 to 1.26) | reference | 1.32 (1.26 to 1.38) | 1.37 (1.20 to 1.56) |
| Macrosomia (>4,000 g) | 1.16 (0.86 to 1.56) | reference | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.17) | 1.16 (0.93 to 1.45) |
| Low 5-minute Apgar score (<8) | 1.08 (0.71 to 1.65) | reference | 1.26 (1.15 to 1.38) | 1.40 (1.06 to 1.84) |
| Adverse fetal composite, (n, %) | 0.34 (0.05 to 2.41) | reference | 1.08 (0.84 to 1.40) | 1.09 (0.48 to 2.45) |
| Adjusted model, OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Gestational weeks (weeks) | −0.40 (−0.14 to 0.07) | reference | −0.11 (−0.14 to −0.08) | −0.15 (−0.23 to −0.06) |
| Preterm birth (<37 w) | 1.21 (0.86 to 1.70) | reference | 1.13 (1.03 to 1.24) | 1.36 (1.09 to 1.70) |
| Very early preterm birth (<34 w) | 1.63 (0.76 to 3.48) | reference | 1.37 (1.12 to 1.69) | 1.55 (0.98 to 2.47) |
| Birth weight (mean, 95%CI) | 13.11 (−19.51 to 45.72) | reference | −5.83 (−15.27 to 3.60) | −14.34 (−39.70 to 11.02) |
| Low birth weight (<2,500 g) | 1.32 (0.87 to 2.01) | reference | 1.23 (1.08 to 1.39) | 1.65 (1.25 to 2.19) |
| Small for gestational age (10%) | 1.29 (0.81 to 2.07) | reference | 0.92 (0.78 to 1.08) | 0.69 (0.41 to 1.16) |
| Large for gestational age (90%) | 1.28 (1.05 to 1.57) | reference | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.13) | 1.10 (0.94 to 1.26) |
| Macrosomia (>4,000 g) | 1.26 (0.92 to 1.72) | reference | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.11) | 1.14 (0.90 to 1.46) |
| Low 5-minute Apgar score (<8) | 1.24 (0.68 to 2.28) | reference | 1.14 (0.96 to 1.35) | 1.17 (0.75 to 1.80) |
| Adverse fetal composite, (n, %) | 0.345 (0.05 to 2.49) | reference | 1.241 (0.88 to 1.74) | 1.113 (0.43 to 2.85) |
Analyses were adjusted for maternal age, BMI, ethnicity, education level and marital status. Values are linear regression coefficients or logistic regression odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Adverse fetal composite: stillbirth, delivery earlier than 28 weeks, birth weight less than the third percentile for gestational age and sex.