| Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B46
|
Prostatic tissue |
Overexpressed with increased cancer proliferation |
| α(1,6)-Fucosyltransferase (FUT8)48–50
|
LAPC4 and LNCaP cells |
Increased FUT8 expression corresponded with decreased extracellular vesicle production |
| Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4)51,52
|
PC3 and PC3MLN4 cells |
Differential expression in metastasis-derived cell lines |
| Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III α (PI4KIIIα)53
|
PC3 cells |
Upregulated in PC3 cell lines; promotes cancer cell invasion |
| FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 3 (FXYD3)54
|
PrAd, NEPC cell lines |
Biomarker specific to prostate adenocarcinoma |
| CEA cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5)54
|
PrAd, NEPC cell lines |
Biomarker specific to neuroendocrine cancer |
| Four and a half LIM domains 1 (FHL1), matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1)58
|
PC-3M sublines |
Promote higher metastatic potential |
| Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A1)59
|
Stromal tissue |
Loss of expression in altered stromal cell types |
| Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADSV), transglutaminase 4 (TGM4)66
|
Urine |
Differentiates benign and cancerous tissue |
| CD63 molecule (CD63), glycerol kinase 5 (GLPK5), SPHM sulfohydrolase (SPHM), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and pappalysin 1 (PAPP)66
|
Urine |
Distinguishes high- and low-grade cancer |
| Kallikrein related peptidase 4 (KLK4)68
|
Seminal fluid |
Biomarker available in seminal fluid |
| Fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) |
Urine |
Utility in detecting, diagnosing high gleason score prostate cancer |
| CD59 molecule (CD59), haptoglobin and tetranectin71
|
Serum |
Expression correlated to bone metastasis |
