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. 2021 May 19;2(4):1050–1072. doi: 10.1039/d1cb00039j

Summarized selection of ovarian cancer biomarkers.

Proposed biomarker Source Findings
Calcium-activated chloride channel 1 (CLCA1)127 OV-90 cells Affects cancer cell regulation
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IMP2) and minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2)131 HGSC and endometrial tissue Modulators of rapid high-grade serous cancer growth
Fibronectin and vitronectin133 Peritoneal mesothelial cells Increased expression promotes cancer cell invasion
Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1)134 Tissue Determined to promote tumorigenesis
Histone acetylation130,135 Tumor tissue Marker for homologous recombination deficiency
Phospholinoleate-palmitoleate anhydride (P-MAPA), interleukin 12 (IL-12)137 SKOV-3 Combination immunotherapy is a plausible treatment strategy
Cancer/testis antigen family 45 (CT45)138 Tissue Found to be a prognostic factor
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), plasminogen (PLG), serpin family C member 1 (serpinC1) and complement component 1q (C1q)141 Circulating exosomes Diagnostic markers of ovarian cancer
Vitamin K-dependent protein Z (VKDP) Preclinical serum Novel, early detection biomarker
Phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (PPCS), peripheral myelin protein 2 (PMP2) and tubulin beta class I (TUBB)146 Blood, plasma Potential markers of cancer plasticity
Apolipoprotein IV (ApoA-IV)148 Serum More reliable biomarker compared to benchmark proteins