Figure 4.

The immunomodulatory effects of Sb (10⁵ and 10⁷ CFU/ml) on colons of DSS-induced colitis mice. (a) Immunofluorescence staining analysis of F4/80-positive macrophages (red) in colon mucosa. (Magnification: ×200; Scale bar: 20 μm). DAPI was used for nuclear counterstaining (blue). (b) Statistics of F4/80. N = 8. (c) Immunofluorescence analysis of Ly6G positive neutrophils (red) in colon mucosa. (Magnification: ×200; Scale bar: 20 μm). DAPI was used for nuclear counterstaining (blue). (d) Statistics of Ly6G. N = 8. (e–g) The CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell percentages were detected by flow cytometry. N = 4. Values are presented as mean ± SEM. ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 compared with control group. ^∗P < 0.05, and ^∗∗P < 0.01 compared with the other groups. Sb: S. boulardii.