Table 4.
Comparison of groups with and without COVID-19.
| Parameters | COVID-19 (+) (n = 46) | COVID-19 (−) (n = 319) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 27 (58.7) | 148 (46.4) | 0.118 |
| Female | 19 (41.3) | 171 (53.60) | |
|
| |||
| Age (year), n (%) | |||
| <30 | 9 (19.6) | 88 (27.6) | 0.284 |
| 31–50 | 25 (54.3) | 135 (42.3) | |
| >50 | 12 (26.1) | 96 (30.1) | |
|
| |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2), n (%) | |||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 4 (8.7) | 45 (14.1) | 0.489 |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 21 (45.7) | 111 (34.8) | |
| Overweight (24.5–29.9 kg/m2) | 12 (26.1) | 92 (28.8) | |
| Obese (>30 kg/m2) | 9 (19.5) | 71 (22.3) | |
|
| |||
| Smoking | |||
| Never smoker, n (%) | 25 (54.4) | 180 (56.4) | 0.598 |
| Former smoker, n (%) | 10 (21.8) | 51 (16.0) | |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 11 (23.8) | 88 (27.6) | |
|
| |||
| Smoking amount (pack-year), n (%) | |||
| 0 | 25 (54.4) | 180 (56.4) | 0.868 |
| 1–10 | 7 (15.2) | 53 (16.6) | |
| 11–20 | 7 (15.2) | 51 (16.0) | |
| >20 | 7 (15.2) | 35 (11.0) | |
|
| |||
| TB history, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 4 (8.7) | 8 (2.5) | 0.051 |
| No | 42 (91.3) | 311 (97.5) | |
|
| |||
| TB subgroup, n (%) | |||
| Lung TB | 2 (50.0) | 3 (37.5) | 0.894 |
| Extrapulmonary TB | 1 (25.0) | 3 (37.5) | |
| Unknown | 1 (25.0) | 2 (25.0) | |
|
| |||
| Chronic disease n (%) | |||
| HT | 7 (15.2) | 33 (10.3) | 0.323 |
| DM | 4 (8.7) | 28 (8.8) | 0.985 |
| Rheumatologic disease | 23 (50.0) | 151 (47.3) | 0.735 |
| Coronary artery disease | 4 (8.7) | 19 (6.0) | 0.512 |
| Obstructive lung diseases | 2 (4.3) | 52 (16.3) | 0.033 ∗ |
| MS | 4 (8.7) | 13 (4.1) | 0.249 |
| Malignancy | 3 (6.5) | 12 (3.8) | 0.417 |
| Hypothyroidism | 3 (6.5) | 13 (4.1) | 0.437 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 0 (0.0) | 7 (2.2) | 0.603 |
| IBH | 3 (6.5) | 32 (10.0) | 0.597 |
| CRF | 2 (4.3) | 9 (2.8) | 0.636 |
|
| |||
| Drugs used, n (%) | |||
| Biological treatments | 20 (43.6) | 149 (46.7) | 0.681 |
| Corticosteroid | 18 (39.1) | 112 (35.1) | 0.594 |
|
| |||
| COVID-19 vaccine status, n (%) | |||
| Done | 4 (8.7) | 46 (14.4) | 0.291 |
| Not done | 42 (91.3) | 273 (85.6) | |
CRF: chronic renal failure; DM: diabetes mellitus; HT: hypertension; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; MS: multiple sclerosis; TBF: STANDARD ETB-Feron ELISA (TBF) test. ∗p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Values below 0.05 are in bold and indicate statistically significant differences between two categories.