Table 3.

Human cell studies: PEMF exposure conditions used in in vitro studies.

No.	Cell line	Frequencies and intensities	Cell response analysis	Result	Year	First author
9	MCF-7	Frequencies of 2122.24, 1970.56, 2072.32, and 2648.64 Hz	Cell viability	There was a significant effect on MCF-7 cells after treatment with PEMF at the resonant frequencies of the genes of RICTOR, PPARG, and NBN CHEK2	2017	Alcantara et al. [43]
10	U937 cells (leukemia cell line)	Frequency of 50 Hz Intensity of 45 mT	Cell viability protein expression	There were no significant differences in the expression level of calmodulin between control- and only MF-treated samples	2017	Wojcik-Piotrowicz et al. [46]
11	Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs)	Pulse frequency of 3.8 kHz	Enzyme activity Signal transduction Pathway Gene expression	PEMF regulated preosteoblast gene expression, and notably, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway and microRNA 21 (miR21) were the most highly regulated	2017	Selvamurugan et al. [25]
25	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)	Frequency of 75 Hz Intensity of 3 mT	Gene expression	LF-PEMF modulated gene expression.	2017	Capelli et al. [57]
12	Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs)	Frequency of 60 Hz Intensity of 10 mT	Protein expression	After exposure to only PEMF, the expression of proteins slightly increased, but there was no significant difference when compared to the nonexposed groups.	2016	Choi et al. [26]
13	Human glioblastoma U87 cell line	Frequencies of 50 Hz and 100 Hz intensities of 10 mT and 5 mT	Cell viability Cell morphology Protein expression	A significant increase in the number of cells after 24 h exposure to 50 Hz, 100 G. A dramatic decrease in cells exposed to 100 Hz, 100 G, and 10 Hz, 50 G EMFs compared with controls	2016	Akbarnejad et al. [3]
14	Human glioblastoma cell line (T98G).	Frequency of 75 Hz Intensity of 2 mT	Cell proliferation, cell apoptosis	miR-421 expression significantly increased over the control after PEMF alone.	2016	Pasi et al. [39]