Skip to main content
. 2021 Jul 29;2021:6647497. doi: 10.1155/2021/6647497

Table 6.

Human cell studies: PEMF exposure conditions used in in vitro studies.

No. Cell line Frequencies and intensities Cell response analysis Result Year First author
26 Human tendon cells (hTCs) Intensities of 1.5 and 3 mT Cell viability
Cell proliferation
Gene expression
Proliferation and the viability of hTCs were enhanced by PEMF 2014 de Girolamo et al. [61]
27 Human umbilical cord-derived
Mesenchymal stem cells
Frequency of 75 Hz, intensity of 1.8-3 mT Cell morphology
Gene expression
Morphological data showed that the treatment with PMEF reduced the time to obtain cell differentiation. 2013 Esposito et al. [36]
28 Human disc cells Frequency of 15 Hz. Intensity of 1.6 mT Gene expression
Protein expression
BMP-7 and BMP-2 were upregulated by PEMF 2013 Okada et al. [63]
29 Tendon cells (TCs) (human) Frequency of 75 Hz, intensity of 1.5 mT Cell morphology, cell viability, cell apoptosis, and gene expression PEMF exposure is not cytotoxic and is able to stimulate TCs' proliferation 2013 de Girolamo et al. [15]
30 Human disc cells (intervertebral disc (IVD)) Frequency of 15 Hz
Intensity of 1.6 mT
Gene expression
Protein expression
mRNA expression of BMP-2 was upregulated by PEMF alone 2013 Okada et al. [64]
31 MCF7, MCF10 Frequencies of 20 and 50 Hz
Intensities of 2.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mT
Cell apoptosis MCF7 cancer cells were particularly vulnerable to 3 mT PEMFs. 2013 Crocetti et al. [45]
32 Bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs)
Adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (ASC)
Frequency of 75 Hz, intensity of 2 mT Cell viability
Cell proliferation
Cell morphology
Cell apoptosis
Gene expression
Cell differentiation
After PEMF exposure, in comparison with ASCs, BM-MSCs showed an increase in cell proliferation 2013 Ceccarelli et al. [19]
33 Human osteogenic sarcoma SaOS-2
Bone marrow-derived human MSCs
Frequency of 15 Hz, intensity of 0.1 mT Cell proliferation
Gene expression
PEMF caused a minor increase in expression of osteogenic markers of MSCs 2012 Kaivosoja et al. [50]