Table 2.
Overview of the identified diagnostic studies in relation to the method used and characteristics of the study set-up with stepwise included studies for meta-analysis
| 1st step | 2nd step | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study inclusion according to the systematic search of the literature | Study inclusion according to the quality assessment | ||||
| Studies on diagnostic methods | Study set-up | Specification (N according to PRISMA) | Low/moderate RoB | Acceptable index and reference test | Acceptable data reporting quality |
| VE (N = 106) | In vivo (N = 27) | Without a probe (N = 22) | 10 | 4 | 3 |
| With a probe (N = 5) | |||||
| In vitro (N = 79) | Without a probe (N = 66) | 23 | 14 | 13 | |
| With a probe (N = 13) | |||||
| Conventional bitewing radiography (N = 63) | In vivo (N = 18) | D-speed (N = 10) | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| E-speed (N = 3) | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||
| F-speed (N = 1) | - | - | - | ||
| Not specified (N = 4) | 1 | - | - | ||
| In vitro (N = 45) | D-speed (N = 13) | 4 | 3 | 3 | |
| E-speed (N = 24) | 5 | 2 | 2 | ||
| F-speed (N = 6) | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Not specified (N = 7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Digital bitewing radiography (N = 19) | In vivo (N = 3) | Sensor (N = 0) | - | - | - |
| Phosphor plate (N = 1) | - | - | - | ||
| Not specified (N = 2) | 1 | - | - | ||
| In vitro (N = 16) | Sensor (N = 9) | 3 | 2 | 2 | |
| Phosphor plate (N = 8) | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Not specified (N = 0) | - | - | - | ||
| LF measurement (N = 68) | In vivo (N = 22) | DIAGNOcam 2095 (N = 22) | 9 | 3 | 3 |
| DIAGNOcam 2190/Pen (N = 5) | 2 | - | - | ||
| In vitro (N = 46) | DIAGNOcam 2095 (N = 38) | 18 | 10 | 10 | |
| DIAGNOcam 2190/Pen (N = 12) | 7 | 6 | 5 | ||
| Fibre-optic transillumination (N = 8) | In vivo (N = 1) | - | - | - | |
| In vitro (N = 7) | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||
| Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (N = 7) | In vivo (N = 1) | 1 | - | - | |
| In vitro (N = 6) | 2 | - | - | ||