Table 3.

Diuretics used in the treatment of MD’s intercritical phase

Pharmacological class	Activity	Examples of drugs	Side effects
Thiazides	Inhibit reabsorption of luminal sodium by blocking the Na+/Cl− channel in the kidney’s distal convoluted tubule	Chlorthalidone Hydrochlorothiazide	Hypokalemia Hyperuricemia Hyperglycemia
Potassium-sparing diuretics	Inhibit renal Na+/K+ exchange	Spironolactone	Hyperkalemia Hormonal alterations (estrogenic effects)
Loop diuretics	Inhibit renal co-transport by blocking the Na+–K+–2Cl− symporter	Furosemide	Hypovolemia Hypotension Hypokalemia
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors	Inhibit H+ secretion and promote Na+ and K+ excretion	Acetazolamide	Gastrointestinal disturbances Metabolic acidosis Nephrolithiasis

MD Ménière’s disease