Table 4.
Different classes of drugs used for pharmacological prophylaxis of VM
| Common side effects | Indications | |
|---|---|---|
| Beta-blockers | ||
|
Propranolol Atenolol |
Hypotension, Fatigue, Bronchial constriction, difficulties sleeping or nightmares Precaution in diabetes |
Hypertension, tachycardia |
| Calcium channel blockers | ||
|
Cinnarizine Flunarizine |
Hypotension | Vasculopathy |
| Depression | Insomnia | |
| Tremor | Anxiety | |
| Weight gain | ||
| Antidepressants | ||
|
Amitriptyline Fluoxetine |
Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, weight gain, constipation | Depression |
| Precaution in prostate enlargement, kidney disease and glaucoma | ||
| Antiepileptics | ||
|
Sodium valproate Topiramate |
Paresthesia, somnolence, cognitive dysfunction, tremors | Epilepsy |
| Precaution in kidney and liver disease | ||
| Diuretics | ||
| Acetazolamide | Paresthesia, nausea, sedation, hypokalemia | |
| Precaution in kidney disease | ||
VM vestibular migraine