1	Distance between cross-veins ~ 1/2 length of vein dm-m, sometimes nearly 2/3 length (Fig. 690). Frons well-sclerotised and evenly rounded, shiny around base of fronto-orbitals. Clypeus stout and broad, width equal to length, length at midpoint longer than epistoma. Ejaculatory apodeme narrow and not much longer than wide. Hypophallus with one pair of flat, toothed sclerites. Distiphallus short with paired leaf-like membranous lobes medially (Figs 691, 692)	P.waltoni (Malloch)
–	Distance between cross-veins at least as long as dm-m (Fig. 689), uncommonly slightly shorter. Frons sometimes soft anteriorly, evenly pruinose. Clypeus relatively narrow, width less than length, length at midpoint much shorter than epistoma. Ejaculatory apodeme large and fan-shaped. Hypophallus smooth. Distiphallus without lobes at midpoint; usually quite long	2
2	Palpus bright orange to yellow; at least parafacial, gena and anterior 1/3 of frons similarly bright orange to yellow, including at least part of fronto-orbital plate. Antenna bright orange, with anterior 1/2 of first flagellomere sometimes lightly infuscated	P.betulivora Spencer
–	Palpus and frons usually brown; if palpus brownish orange to orange, frons dull orange on less than anterior 1/3 of frons, not including fronto-orbital plate, and parafacial and gena mostly grey/brown (some P.amelanchieris). First flagellomere brown, sometimes dark orange with distal 1/2–2/3 of first flagellomere lightly to darkly infuscated	3
3	Frons entirely dark brown with faint pruinosity. Antenna entirely and evenly dark brown, sometimes with orange tint. Distiphallus clavate, barely divided apically (Figs 680, 681)	P.calyptrata (Hendel)
–	Frons dark brown with grey pruinosity, sometimes with anterior 1/3 or less faintly to distinctly orange. Antenna usually dark orange with distal region of first flagellomere infuscated to dark brown; uncommonly mostly dark brown with base (more so on inner surface) conspicuously orange. Distiphallus with one pair of elongate tubules	4
4	Four to six ori, uncommonly three on one or both sides; one ors. Sides of buccal cavity converging anteriorly. Base of distiphallus (seen laterally) slightly wider than tubules and distinctly darker (Fig. 677)	P.amelanchieris (Greene)
–	Usually two ori (Figs 124, 125), sometimes three on one or both sides; two ors, with anterior ors sometimes weakly inclinate. Sides of buccal cavity parallel. Base of distiphallus (seen laterally) as slender as tubules; entire distiphallus dark brown, tubules not slightly clearer as above (Figs 687, 688)	P.setosa (Loew)