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. 2021 Aug 5;6:97. doi: 10.1038/s41541-021-00356-x

Table 2.

Comparative table of preclinical research studies with Adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates.

Vaccine Species (animal number per group) Viral particle per animal Regimen Route of administration Humoral immune response Cellular immune response Neutralizing antibodies Viral RNA detected after vaccination Prevents COVID-19 disease Reference
Ad5-nCOV Mus musculus (10) 5 × 107–9 4 weeks before challenge Intramuscular Yes Yes Yes No with mucosal vaccination Yes [86]
Mustela putorious furo (6) 5 × 1010 4 weeks before challenge Intranasal Yes Yes Yes No with mucosal vaccination Yes
hAd5 S-Fusion + N-ETSD Mus musculus (5) 1 × 1010 Injections on Day 0, 21 and 28 Subcutaneous Yes Yes with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses Yes NA Yes [97]
VXA-COV2-1 Mus musculus (6)

1 × 107

1 × 108

Week 0 and Week 4 Intranasal Yes Yes with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses Yes NA Yes [100]
AdCOVID Mus musculus (10)

6 × 106

6 × 107

3.35 × 108

Single Intranasal Yes with mucosal IgA Yes with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses Yes NA Yes [104]
Ad26.COV2-S Rhesus macaques (4–6) 1 × 1011 Single dose Intramuscular Yes Yes with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses Yes No (only 1 animal in nasal swab) Yes [108]
Gam-COVID-Vac/ Sputnik V NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
GRAd-COV2 Cynomolgus macaques (4) 5 × 1010 Single-dose Intramuscular Yes Yes with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses Yes NA NA [120]
ChAdOX1-nCOV Rhesus macaques (6) 2.5 × 1010 prime-only or a prime-boost regimen Intramuscular Only prime-boost regimen Yes (did not increase after the second dose) Yes Only in nasal swab (not in the lungs) Yes [99]
ChAd-SARS-CoV-2 Mus musculus (5–9) 1 × 1010 Subsets with boost immunization at week 4 Intramuscular Yes Yes with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses Yes Yes (low level in the lungs) Yes [138]
Intranasal Yes with mucosal IgA Yes with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses Yes No Yes
Mesocricetus auratus (10) 1 × 1010 Single-dose Intramuscular Yes NA Yes 10-fold less* Yes [139]
Intranasal Yes NA Yes, several-fold higher than IM 100-fold less in nasal swab* yes

* Compared to ChAd-control immunized animals

NA not available, IgA immunoglobulin A, IM intramuscular, Adm. Administration, IM intramuscular, IN intranasal, SC subcutaneous, N nucleocapsid peptide, S spike, Th1 1 T helper cell, NAb neutralizing antibodies, IgG immunoglobulin G, IgA immunoglobulin A, BAL bronchoalveolar lavage.