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. 2021 Aug 5;11:15892. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95158-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Distal colon pressure at four weeks after surgery. (A) Comparison of pressures among three pressure measurement modes. *Intact rats vs SCI rats and SCI rats with S versus SCI rats, P < 0⋅05 (two-way ANOVA). (B–E) Defecation reflexes, while the defecation reflexes occurred, the pressure waves were irregular (B, C, and E), but a rhythmic oscillation could occur in SCI rats (D). Black arrows indicate the time taken to give glycerin enema.