Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and general biochemical assessments stratified by tertiles of serum Klotho (pg/mL) (A) or PBCs KL mRNA (a.u.) (B) levels.
| A | Tertile 1 < 559 pg/mL | Tertile 2 559–730 pg/mL | Tertile 3 > 730 pg/mL | P value for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | ||||
| N | 34 | 35 | 34 | – |
| Age (years) | 69.9 ± 6.8 | 64.9 ± 7.5 | 67.2 ± 8.6 | 0.031 |
| Male (%) | 16 (47) | 18 (51.4) | 15 (44.1) | 0.635 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 140 (134–148) | 140 (138–152) | 140 (135.8–148.5) | 0.356 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 90 (82–90) | 88 (82–90) | 85.5 (74–90.5) | 0.32 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29 (26–31) | 28 (25–31) | 29.5 (28–31.3) | 0.292 |
| ABI | 0.89 (0.84–0.94) | 0.92 (0.87–1) | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | < 0.001 |
| CIMT (mm) | 0.816 ± 0.092 | 0.758 ± 0.077 | 0.71 ± 0.065 | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| sCVD (%) | 25 (73.5) | 17 (48.6) | 2 (0.06) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 16 (47.1) | 15 (42.9) | 10 (29.4) | 0.371 |
| Hypertension (%) | 32 (94.1) | 34 (97.1) | 29 (85.3) | 0.218 |
| Current smokers (%) | 16 (47.1) | 14 (0.4) | 6 (17.6) | < 0.05 |
| Dyslipidaemia (%) | 25 (73.5) | 25 (71.4) | 27 (77.1) | 0.235 |
| Macroalbuminuria (%) | 25 (73.5) | 22 (62.9) | 12 (35.3) | < 0.01 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.8 (11.3–12.1) | 12 (11.4–12.4) | 11.8 (11.3–12.3) | 0.703 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.87 (1.49–2.61) | 1.8 (1.4–2.8) | 1.9 (1.48–2.68) | 0.542 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 36.7 (34.1–39.5) | 39.4 (35.4–43.1) | 38.62 (36.5–51.92) | 0.096 |
| UAE (mg/g) | 1007 (238–1210) | 359 (190–1240) | 180 (117.3–534.5) | < 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.7 (3.5–4) | 3.7 (3.4–3.9) | 3.9 (3.7–4) | 0.169 |
| T-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 181 (155–201) | 156 (142–193) | 179 (152–190) | 0.359 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 42 (38–46) | 42 (36–45) | 41.5 (34.5–46) | 0.507 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 148.6 ± 35.9 | 143.3 ± 39.2 | 161.7 ± 46.2 | 0.267 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 7.1 ± 7.2 | 6.21 ± 1.49 | 6.56 ± 1.51 | < 0.05 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 103.5 (85.2–145) | 99 (79–140) | 83.5 (75–120) | 0.064 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.2 (8.9–9.7) | 9.3 (9–10) | 9.34 (8.98–9.8) | 0.562 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.3 (3.8–4.9) | 4.2 (3.8–4.9) | 4.1 (3.8–5) | 0.974 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 6 (3.4–7.5) | 4.87 (3.21–6.8) | 6.23 (3.43–7.26) | 0.283 |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 15.9 (10.9–17.3) | 15.6 (12.8–18.4) | 15.1 (11.8–18.3) | 0.764 |
| IL6 (pg/mL) | 7.1 (3.9–8.9) | 4.4 (2.5–9) | 3.1 (2.28–3.9) | < 0.001 |
| IL10 (pg/mL) | 35 (29.1–40.7) | 35.6 (25–48.3) | 38.4 (23.1–55.4) | 0.644 |
| TNF mRNA (a.u.) | 1.9 (1.5–2.63) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.95 (1.6–2.9) | 0.115 |
| IL6 mRNA (a.u.) | 1.9 (1.6–2.83) | 1.9 (1.5–2.3) | 1.75 (1.5–2.12) | 0.525 |
| IL10 mRNA (a.u.) | 1.29 (1.14–1.39) | 1.27 (1.06–1.39) | 1.235 (1.1–1.34) | 0.284 |
| B | Tertile 1 < 1.7 a.u | Tertile 2 1.7–2.3 a.u | Tertile 3 > 2.3 a.u | P value for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | ||||
| N | 32 | 36 | 35 | – |
| Age (years) | 67.6 ± 7.8 | 69.5 ± 7.3 | 64.9 ± 8 | 0.064 |
| Male (%) | 14 (43.8) | 18 (50) | 20 (57.5) | 0.427 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 140 (134–148) | 140 (138–149) | 140 (136–152) | 0.451 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 87 (82–91.5) | 89 (82–90) | 88 (82–92) | 0.912 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.5 (26–31) | 29.5 (26.3–31) | 29 (26–31) | 0.894 |
| ABI | 0.89 (0.86–0.99) | 0.905 (0.873–0.967) | 1.06 (0.97–1.14) | < 0.001 |
| CIMT (mm) | 0.799 ± 0.094 | 0.777 ± 0.079 | 0.72 ± 0.073 | < 0.01 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| sCVD (%) | 20 (62.5) | 18 (50) | 6 (45.7) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 12 (37.5) | 16 (44.4) | 13 (37.1) | 0.319 |
| Hypertension (%) | 29 (90.6) | 34 (94.4) | 32 (91.4) | 0.223 |
| Current smokers (%) | 14 (43.8) | 18 (50) | 4 (11.4) | < 0.05 |
| Dyslipidaemia (%) | 26 (81.3) | 25 (69.4) | 26 (74.3) | 0.314 |
| Macroalbuminuria (%) | 26 (81.3) | 20 (55.6) | 13 (37.1) | < 0.01 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.8 (11.6–12.5) | 11.8 (11.4–12.2) | 11.8 (11.2–12.1) | 0.557 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 2.1 (1.5–2.6) | 1.88 (1.42–2.65) | 1.64 (1.4–2.8) | 0.742 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 36.7 (34.3–41) | 38.6 (35–39.6) | 42.3 (38–54) | < 0.001 |
| UAE (mg/g) | 800 (323–1185) | 395 (180.5–1200) | 214 (120–450) | < 0.01 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.7 (3.5–3.9) | .8 (3.6–4) | 3.9 (3.4–4) | 0.212 |
| T-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 179 (155–197) | 165 (146.5–184) | 180 (155–196) | 0.518 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 41.5 (35–42) | 42 (39–46) | 42 (37–46) | 0.177 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 150.4 ± 30.6 | 151 (120.3–184.3) | 145 (124–180) | 0.88 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.5 ± 1.44 | 6.74 ± 1.6 | 6.57 ± 1.39 | 0.778 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 92.5 (79.5–127) | 96 (81–140.8) | 87 (77–138) | 0.613 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.1 (8.8–9.6) | 9.2 (9–9.8) | 9.4 (9–9.8) | 0.293 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.4 (3.9–5) | 4.2 (3.9–4.9) | 7 (6.6–7.4) | 0.244 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 5.75 (3.92–7.32) | 5.12 (3–7.3) | 5.3 (3.2–7.1) | 0.9 |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 13.1 (10.9–17.7) | 15.2 (12.7–16.3) | 16.4 (12–19.7) | 0.119 |
| IL6 (pg/mL) | 6.4 (3.6–9.3) | 4.8 (3.43–7.78) | 2.9 (2.4–3.9) | < 0.001 |
| IL10 (pg/mL) | 30.9 (23.2–42.3) | 38.2 (33–46.4) | 36.1 (24.7–54) | 0.115 |
| TNF mRNA (a.u.) | 1.8 (1.2–2.6) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | 2.1 (1.8–3) | < 0.05 |
| IL6 mRNA (a.u.) | 1.95 (1.5–2.78) | 1.8 (1.6–2.2) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | 0.339 |
| IL10 mRNA (a.u.) | 1.26 (1.2–1.4) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 1.25 (1.14–1.39) | 0.802 |
BP blood pressure, ABI ankle-brachial index, CIMT carotid intima-media thickness, sCVD subclinical cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtrate rate, UAE urinary albumin excretion, T-cholesterol total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, TNFα tumor necrosis factor, IL interleukin.