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. 2021 Aug 5;11:15877. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95488-4

Table 2.

Clinical characteristics and general biochemical assessments stratified by tertiles of serum Klotho (pg/mL) (A) or PBCs KL mRNA (a.u.) (B) levels.

A Tertile 1 < 559 pg/mL Tertile 2 559–730 pg/mL Tertile 3 > 730 pg/mL P value for trend
Characteristics
N 34 35 34
Age (years) 69.9 ± 6.8 64.9 ± 7.5 67.2 ± 8.6 0.031
Male (%) 16 (47) 18 (51.4) 15 (44.1) 0.635
Systolic BP (mm Hg) 140 (134–148) 140 (138–152) 140 (135.8–148.5) 0.356
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) 90 (82–90) 88 (82–90) 85.5 (74–90.5) 0.32
Body mass index (kg/m2) 29 (26–31) 28 (25–31) 29.5 (28–31.3) 0.292
ABI 0.89 (0.84–0.94) 0.92 (0.87–1) 1.06 (0.99–1.13)  < 0.001
CIMT (mm) 0.816 ± 0.092 0.758 ± 0.077 0.71 ± 0.065  < 0.001
Comorbidities
sCVD (%) 25 (73.5) 17 (48.6) 2 (0.06)  < 0.001
Diabetes mellitus (%) 16 (47.1) 15 (42.9) 10 (29.4) 0.371
Hypertension (%) 32 (94.1) 34 (97.1) 29 (85.3) 0.218
Current smokers (%) 16 (47.1) 14 (0.4) 6 (17.6)  < 0.05
Dyslipidaemia (%) 25 (73.5) 25 (71.4) 27 (77.1) 0.235
Macroalbuminuria (%) 25 (73.5) 22 (62.9) 12 (35.3)  < 0.01
Laboratory data
Hemoglobin (g/dl) 11.8 (11.3–12.1) 12 (11.4–12.4) 11.8 (11.3–12.3) 0.703
Creatinine (mg/dl) 1.87 (1.49–2.61) 1.8 (1.4–2.8) 1.9 (1.48–2.68) 0.542
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) 36.7 (34.1–39.5) 39.4 (35.4–43.1) 38.62 (36.5–51.92) 0.096
UAE (mg/g) 1007 (238–1210) 359 (190–1240) 180 (117.3–534.5)  < 0.001
Albumin (g/dL) 3.7 (3.5–4) 3.7 (3.4–3.9) 3.9 (3.7–4) 0.169
T-cholesterol (mg/dL) 181 (155–201) 156 (142–193) 179 (152–190) 0.359
HDL-C (mg/dL) 42 (38–46) 42 (36–45) 41.5 (34.5–46) 0.507
Triglycerides (mg/dL) 148.6 ± 35.9 143.3 ± 39.2 161.7 ± 46.2 0.267
Uric acid (mg/dL) 7.1 ± 7.2 6.21 ± 1.49 6.56 ± 1.51  < 0.05
Glucose (mg/dL) 103.5 (85.2–145) 99 (79–140) 83.5 (75–120) 0.064
Calcium (mg/dL) 9.2 (8.9–9.7) 9.3 (9–10) 9.34 (8.98–9.8) 0.562
Phosphorus (mg/dL) 4.3 (3.8–4.9) 4.2 (3.8–4.9) 4.1 (3.8–5) 0.974
hs-CRP (mg/L) 6 (3.4–7.5) 4.87 (3.21–6.8) 6.23 (3.43–7.26) 0.283
TNFα (pg/mL) 15.9 (10.9–17.3) 15.6 (12.8–18.4) 15.1 (11.8–18.3) 0.764
IL6 (pg/mL) 7.1 (3.9–8.9) 4.4 (2.5–9) 3.1 (2.28–3.9)  < 0.001
IL10 (pg/mL) 35 (29.1–40.7) 35.6 (25–48.3) 38.4 (23.1–55.4) 0.644
TNF mRNA (a.u.) 1.9 (1.5–2.63) 1.8 (1.4–2.3) 1.95 (1.6–2.9) 0.115
IL6 mRNA (a.u.) 1.9 (1.6–2.83) 1.9 (1.5–2.3) 1.75 (1.5–2.12) 0.525
IL10 mRNA (a.u.) 1.29 (1.14–1.39) 1.27 (1.06–1.39) 1.235 (1.1–1.34) 0.284
B Tertile 1 < 1.7 a.u Tertile 2 1.7–2.3 a.u Tertile 3 > 2.3 a.u P value for trend
Characteristics
N 32 36 35
Age (years) 67.6 ± 7.8 69.5 ± 7.3 64.9 ± 8 0.064
Male (%) 14 (43.8) 18 (50) 20 (57.5) 0.427
Systolic BP (mm Hg) 140 (134–148) 140 (138–149) 140 (136–152) 0.451
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) 87 (82–91.5) 89 (82–90) 88 (82–92) 0.912
Body mass index (kg/m2) 28.5 (26–31) 29.5 (26.3–31) 29 (26–31) 0.894
ABI 0.89 (0.86–0.99) 0.905 (0.873–0.967) 1.06 (0.97–1.14)  < 0.001
CIMT (mm) 0.799 ± 0.094 0.777 ± 0.079 0.72 ± 0.073  < 0.01
Comorbidities
sCVD (%) 20 (62.5) 18 (50) 6 (45.7)  < 0.001
Diabetes mellitus (%) 12 (37.5) 16 (44.4) 13 (37.1) 0.319
Hypertension (%) 29 (90.6) 34 (94.4) 32 (91.4) 0.223
Current smokers (%) 14 (43.8) 18 (50) 4 (11.4)  < 0.05
Dyslipidaemia (%) 26 (81.3) 25 (69.4) 26 (74.3) 0.314
Macroalbuminuria (%) 26 (81.3) 20 (55.6) 13 (37.1)  < 0.01
Laboratory data
Hemoglobin (g/dl) 11.8 (11.6–12.5) 11.8 (11.4–12.2) 11.8 (11.2–12.1) 0.557
Creatinine (mg/dl) 2.1 (1.5–2.6) 1.88 (1.42–2.65) 1.64 (1.4–2.8) 0.742
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) 36.7 (34.3–41) 38.6 (35–39.6) 42.3 (38–54)  < 0.001
UAE (mg/g) 800 (323–1185) 395 (180.5–1200) 214 (120–450)  < 0.01
Albumin (g/dL) 3.7 (3.5–3.9) .8 (3.6–4) 3.9 (3.4–4) 0.212
T-cholesterol (mg/dL) 179 (155–197) 165 (146.5–184) 180 (155–196) 0.518
HDL-C (mg/dL) 41.5 (35–42) 42 (39–46) 42 (37–46) 0.177
Triglycerides (mg/dL) 150.4 ± 30.6 151 (120.3–184.3) 145 (124–180) 0.88
Uric acid (mg/dL) 6.5 ± 1.44 6.74 ± 1.6 6.57 ± 1.39 0.778
Glucose (mg/dL) 92.5 (79.5–127) 96 (81–140.8) 87 (77–138) 0.613
Calcium (mg/dL) 9.1 (8.8–9.6) 9.2 (9–9.8) 9.4 (9–9.8) 0.293
Phosphorus (mg/dL) 4.4 (3.9–5) 4.2 (3.9–4.9) 7 (6.6–7.4) 0.244
hs-CRP (mg/L) 5.75 (3.92–7.32) 5.12 (3–7.3) 5.3 (3.2–7.1) 0.9
TNFα (pg/mL) 13.1 (10.9–17.7) 15.2 (12.7–16.3) 16.4 (12–19.7) 0.119
IL6 (pg/mL) 6.4 (3.6–9.3) 4.8 (3.43–7.78) 2.9 (2.4–3.9)  < 0.001
IL10 (pg/mL) 30.9 (23.2–42.3) 38.2 (33–46.4) 36.1 (24.7–54) 0.115
TNF mRNA (a.u.) 1.8 (1.2–2.6) 1.8 (1.5–2.1) 2.1 (1.8–3)  < 0.05
IL6 mRNA (a.u.) 1.95 (1.5–2.78) 1.8 (1.6–2.2) 1.8 (1.5–2.2) 0.339
IL10 mRNA (a.u.) 1.26 (1.2–1.4) 1.3 (1.1–1.4) 1.25 (1.14–1.39) 0.802

BP blood pressure, ABI ankle-brachial index, CIMT carotid intima-media thickness, sCVD subclinical cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtrate rate, UAE urinary albumin excretion, T-cholesterol total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, TNFα tumor necrosis factor, IL interleukin.