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. 2021 Aug 5;12:4730. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24775-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Bright-field images of brain organoids encapsulated in ECM hydrogels derived from different decellularized organs [brain (BEM), intestine (IEM), liver (LEM), and heart (HEM)] at day 30 (scale bars = 500 μm). b Immunostaining of brain organoids on day 30 for Tuj1 and SOX2 (scale bars = 500 μm). c Image-based quantification of the longest diameter of brain organoid at day 30 (n = 10 per group, BEM versus Mat p = 0.0069, BEM versus IEM p = 0.0013, BEM versus LEM p = 0.0002, BEM versus HEM p = 0.0301). d The gene expression analysis of brain organoids at day 30 by qPCR for transcriptional factors (REST, DNMT3B) and neuronal markers (TUBB3, MAP2) (n = 4 per group, Mat versus LEM p = 0.025, Mat versus BEM p = 0.0009 for REST; Mat versus BEM p = 0.0498 for DNMT3B; Mat versus LEM p = 0.031, Mat versus HEM p = 0.0085, Mat versus BEM p = 0.0004 for TUBB3; Mat versus LEM p = 0.0017, Mat versus HEM p = 0.0128, Mat versus BEM p = 0.0003 for MAP2). Mat and BEM organoids were cultured in a dish on an orbital shaker. All quantitative data are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical differences between the groups were determined by unpaired two-tailed t-test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Independent replicates for all data in (a–d) = 4. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.