Table 2.
Clinical and cost-effectiveness outcomes for a model of a 12-month adherence intervention in youth with HIV in the United States compared to standard-of-care
| 12-month outcomes Undiscounted |
Lifetime outcomes Undiscounted |
Lifetime outcomes Discounted |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strategy | OIs (rate/100PY) | Onward HIV transmissions (rate/100PY) | Death (rate/100PY) | Life expectancy (months) | Per-person cost (USD) |
Life expectancy (months) | Per-person cost (USD) |
ICER ($/QALY) |
| SOC | 4.0 | 8.1 | 1.5 | 264 | 778,900 | 151 | 453,500 | – |
| AI | 3.6 | 6.9 | 1.3 | 276 | 802,900 | 159 | 458,800 | 7,900 |
OI opportunistic infection; SOC standard-of-care; AI adherence intervention; PY person-year; ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; QALY quality-adjusted life-year; USD 2018, 2018 US dollars
Where noted, life expectancy and costs are discounted at 3%/year. Costs and ICERs are rounded to the nearest $100. In-text cited costs are rounded separately. The ICER quantifies the cost-effectiveness of one strategy compared to another regarding the degree to which the intervention provides benefit relative to its cost. The willingness-to-pay-threshold is a normative value which varies widely by setting and decision-maker; for interpretability, we have chosen ≤$100,000/QALY, however a range of values have been suggested in US settings [14]