Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics
| Patient characteristics | Empagliflozin group, n = 46 | Placebo group, n = 50 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year (SD) | 63.9 (10.4) | 64.6 (11.6) | 0.73 |
| Male, n (%) | 38 (82.6) | 39 (78.0) | 0.62 |
| Body weight, kg (SD) | 70.1 (13.7) | 68.1 (14.4) | 0.49 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 25.2 (3.7) | 25.2 (4.1) | 0.99 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) | 129.7 (11.9) | 123.1 (15.7) | 0.11 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 38 (82.6) | 39 (78.0) | 0.62 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 34 (73.9) | 36 (72.0) | 1.00 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 24 (52.2) | 27 (54.0) | 0.92 |
| Transthoracic echocardiography | |||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % (SD) | 55.1 (14.2) | 55.0 (13.7) | 0.97 |
| Average E/e′ (SD) | 13.47 (7.24) | 13.73 (6.26) | 0.88 |
| TRPG, mmHg (SD) | 17.59 (7.48) | 20.71 (11.49) | 0.23 |
| Heart failure medication at randomization visit, n (%) | |||
| β-Blocker | 41 (89.1) | 38 (76.0) | 0.11 |
| Diuretic | 8 (17.4) | 11 (22.0) | 0.62 |
| MRA, | 11 (23.9) | 12 (24.0) | 1.00 |
| ACEI | 23 (50.0) | 28 (56.0) | 0.68 |
| ARB | 22 (47.8) | 19 (38.0) | 0.41 |
| Glucose-lowering medication at randomization visit, n (%) | |||
| Biguanide | 7 (15.2) | 6 (12.0) | 0.77 |
| DPP-4 inhibitor | 20 (43.5) | 23 (46.0) | 0.84 |
| NYHA classification, % | |||
| I/II | 77.8/7.4 | 58.1/22.6 | 0.09 |
| Blood test | |||
| Max CK, IU/L (SD) | 2080.7 (2461.6) | 2358.7 (2829.1) | 0.61 |
| HbA1c, % (SD) | 6.82 (1.00) | 6.89 (0.92) | 0.73 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL (SD) | 87.5 (29.6) | 87.8 (29.1) | 0.96 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL (SD) | 45.4 (12.7) | 46.0 (10.2) | 0.78 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL (SD) | 161.7 (119.7) | 135.9 (54.4) | 0.18 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL (SD) | 5.8 (1.4) | 5.7 (1.5) | 0.94 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL (SD) | 0.92 (0.2) | 0.92 (1.2) | 0.39 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 (SD) | 64.6 (15.0) | 66.1 (15.7) | 0.62 |
| Hematocrit, % (SD) | 40.5 (4.6) | 40.3 (4.2) | 0.86 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL (SD) | 1028.7 (1105.6) | 1270.6 (1521.0) | 0.45 |
A1c glycated hemoglobin, ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin-receptor blocker, BMI body mass index, CK creatine kinase, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, E peak early diastolic phase mitral inflow velocity, e′ mitral annular velocity, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, NYHA New York Heart Association, SD Standard deviation, TRPG trans-tricuspid pressure gradient