Table 1.

List of major endophytic microbial genera isolated from plants and their features of interest

Endophyte	Host plants	Isolation point(s)	Features of interest	Reference(s)
Alternaria spp.	Salvia miltiorrhiza, Solanum nigrum, and Brassica napus	Root, shoot, and leaf	Increased biomass, chlorophyll content, and secondary metabolite production Abiotic stress tolerance	Khan et al. (2015b) Shi et al. (2017) Zhou et al. (2018)
Aspergillus spp.	Zea mays, Euphorbia indica, Soybean, and Sunflower	Root and leaf	Production of secondary metabolites for plant growth Stress tolerance	Hamayun et al. (2018, 2019) Mehmood et al. (2019)
Bacillus spp.	Zea mays, Saccharum officinarum, Aloe vera, Cucurbits, and Oryza sativa, Cicer arietinum	Seed, root, stem, and leaf	Inhibition of phytopathogens Plant growth promotion	Akinsanya et al. (2015) Gond et al. (2015a) Khalaf and Raizada (2018) Kumar et al. (2020) Mukherjee et al. (2020) Wang et al. (2020b)
Enterobacter spp.	Cicer arietinum, Zea mays, and Sorghum sudanense	Seed	Improved productivity Phyto-stabilization of heavy metals Plant growth promotion	Li et al. (2016) Ullah et al. (2020) Mowafy et al. (2021) Mukherjee et al. (2020)
Fusarium spp.	Brassica napus, Oxalis corniculate, and Glycine max	Root	Abiotic stress tolerance Mineral solubilization Biomass production Secondary metabolite production	Radhakrishnan et al. (2015) Shi et al. (2017) Bilal et al. (2018)
Klebsiella spp.	Zea mays, Saccharum officinarum, and Triticum aestivum	Root	Enhance growth and yield N fixation Stress tolerance	Lin et al. (2015) Zhang et al. (2017) Mowafy et al. (2021)
Penicillium spp.	Triticum aestivum and Capsicum annum	Root	Resistance against abiotic stresses Production of IAA Nutrient mineralization	Ikram et al. (2018) Oses-pedraza et al. (2020)
Pseudomonas spp.	Pisum sativum, Oryza sativa, Achyranthes aspera, Zea mays Brassica napus, and Cicer arietinum	Leaf, root, and seed	Mineral solubilization N fixation Defense against phytopathogens Stress tolerance	Otieno et al. (2015) Devi et al. (2017) Lally et al. (2017) Pham et al. (2017) Sandhya et al. (2017) Mukherjee et al. (2020)
Streptomyces spp.	Solanum lycopersicum, Glycine max, and Sorghum	Root and stem	Plant growth promotion Biocontrol Production of active secondary metabolites	Goudjal et al. (2016) Patel et al. (2018) Liu et al. (2019)