Table 3.

Endophytes in plant health and defense

Endophytes	Host plant	Features of interest	Reference(s)
Neotyphodium coenophialum	Festuca arundinacea	Alteration of root activity and mineral transport from root to shoot under phosphate limited condition	Malinowski et al. (2000)
Penicillium verruculosum RS7PF	Potentilla fulgens L.	Promotion of seed germination in green-gram and chickpea by IAA modulation	Bhagobaty et al. (2010)
Acinetobacter johnsonii	Beta vulgaris	Production of IAA for plant growth and development Production of phosphatase enzyme for enhanced nutrient absorption by host plant	Shi et al. (2011)
Bacillus weihenstephanensis, Serratia marcescens, and Cornyebacterium minutissimum	Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annum	Antagonism against wilt-causing bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum Production of secondary metabolites for increased plant growth	Amaresan et al. (2012)
Sporosarcina aquimarina	Avicennia marina	Promotion of plants growth by IAA production Enhancement of nutrient availability by production of siderophore and phosphatase	Janarthine and Eganathan (2012)
Piriformospora indica	Hordeum vulgare L.	Increased grain yield and shoot biomass under low temperature condition	Murphy et al. (2014)
Trichoderma brevicompactum	Allium sativum	Production of bioactive compound (trichodermin) Antifungal activity against fungal phytopathogens	Shentu et al. (2014)
Bacillus spp.	Zea mays	Inhibition of phytopathogens through antifungal lipopeptide Regulation of genes associated to production of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins	Gond et al. (2015b)
Pantoea spp. and Paenibacillus spp.	Triticum aestivum	Biocontrol activity against F. graminearum by biofilm formation Modulation of plant growth through production of IAA, siderophore, and phosphatase	Herrera et al. (2016)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Enterobacter spp., Shinella spp.	Saccharum officinarum	Promotion of plant growth by IAA production, phosphorous solubilization, siderophore production, and biocontrol activity	Taulé et al. (2016) Pirhadi et al. (2018)
Bacillus subtilis	Cicer arietinum L.	Improvement in plant growth under salinity condition Protection against root rot causing fungal phytopathogen (F. solani)	Egamberdieva et al. (2017)
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Prototheora geniculata, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Bacillus licheniformis	Solanum lycopersicum	Production of IAA and phosphatase for increased plant growth and development	Abdallah et al. (2018)
Hypocrea lixii F3ST1	Allium cepa	Boosting of plant immunity and reducing damage caused by Iris yellow spot virus and its vector Thrips tabaci	Muvea et al. (2018)
Curtobacterium spp., Methylobacterium spp., Microbacterium spp., and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens	Urochloa ramosa L.	Inhibition of fungal phytopathogens by lipopeptide Promotion of seedling growth Regulation of expression of defense-related genes	Verma (2018)
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Enterobacter cloacae, and Bacillus cereus	Glycine max	Promotion of plant growth through IAA and siderophore production Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen Phosphate solubilization	Zhao et al. (2018)
Acinetobacter baumannii	Capsicum annum	Induction of secondary metabolites production having antioxidant property	Monowar et al. (2019)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Cucumis sativus	Suppression of damping off phytopathogen (Pythium aphanidermatum) Plant growth promotion activity	Priyanka et al. (2019)
Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae	Oryzae sativa	Antagonism against fungal phytopathogens	Kumar et al. (2020)
Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter spp., Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter spp., Enterobacter hormaechei, Staphylococcus equorum, Pantoea spp., and Mixta intestinalis	Cicer arietinum L.	Production of plant growth-promoting components (IAA, mineral solubilization, NH3 production, siderophore production, protease activity) Antagonism against phytopathogens	Mukherjee et al. (2020)