Table 2.
Logistic regression results for GP attendance in the previous 4 weeks, presented as odds ratios.
| GP visit in previous 4 weeks | Reference category | Basic model | Full model without GP supply | Full model including GP supply |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| Deprivation quintile 1 (Most deprived) | Least deprived quintile | 1.773*** (0.172) [1.466–2.145] | 1.402** (0.155) [1.129–1.741] | 1.430** (0.159) [1.149–1.779] |
| Deprivation quintile 2 | Least deprived quintile | 1.343** (0.130) [1.111–1.623] | 1.240 (0.137) [0.998–1.541] | 1.260* (0.140) [1.014–1.567] |
| Deprivation quintile 3 | Least deprived quintile | 1.413*** (0.139) [1.165–1.713] | 1.324* (0.146) [1.068–1.643] | 1.342** (0.148) [1.081–1.667] |
| Deprivation quintile 4 | Least deprived quintile | 1.224* (0.121) [1.008–1.486] | 1.247* (0.134) [1.011–1.539] | 1.255* (0.135) [1.016–1.549] |
| Male | Female | 0.722*** (0.042) | 0.726*** (0.045) | 0.725*** (0.045) |
| Age 25-44 | Age 18-24 | 0.968 (0.122) | 0.870 (0.120) | 0.867 (0.120) |
| Age 45-64 | Age 18-24 | 1.295* (0.162) | 0.909 (0.125) | 0.910 (0.125) |
| Age 65+ | Age 18-24 | 2.724*** (0.340) | 1.017 (0.148) | 1.022 (0.149) |
| Secondary educated | Primary educated | 0.928 (0.099) | 0.928 (0.100) | |
| Tertiary educated | Primary educated | 1.005 (0.122) | 1.004 (0.122) | |
| Married | Unmarried | 1.057 (0.070) | 1.056 (0.0704) | |
| Manual labourer | Other profession | 0.945 (0.0837) | 0.943 (0.0836) | |
| Smoker | Non-smoker | 0.975 (0.0844) | 0.976 (0.0843) | |
| Private health insurance | No private health insurance | 1.156 (0.088) | 1.160 (0.0881) | |
| GP visit card holder | No medical card | 1.646*** (0.204) | 1.649*** (0.206) | |
| Medical card holder | No medical card | 2.095*** (0.174) | 2.100*** (0.175) | |
| Region: Non-Dublin Leinster | Region:Dublin | 0.820* (0.080) | 0.794* (0.0850) | |
| Region: Munster | Region:Dublin | 0.851 (0.08) | 0.814* (0.083) | |
| Region: Connaught/Ulster | Region:Dublin | 0.889 (0.092) | 0.845 (0.0963) | |
| Urban | Rural | 1.002 (0.073) | 0.987 (0.100) | |
| Long term illness | No long term illness | 1.929*** (0.144) | 1.920*** (0.144) | |
| Good or better self-rated health | Fair, poor or very bad self rated health | 0.498*** (0.0434) | 0.496*** (0.0433) | |
| Arthritis | No arthritis | 1.237* (0.117) | 1.241* (0.118) | |
| Diabetes | No diabetes | 1.070 (0.149) | 1.068 (0.149) | |
| High blood pressure | No high blood pressure | 1.408*** (0.119) | 1.415*** (0.120) | |
| GP concentration quintile 1 (Lowest supply of GPs in locality) | Zero GPs in walking distance | 0.980 (0.098) [0.806–1.192] | ||
| GP concentration quintile 2 | Zero GPs in walking distance | 1.212 (0.157) [0.940–1.562] | ||
| GP concentration quintile 3 | Zero GPs in walking distance | 0.960 (0.129) [0.738–1.249] | ||
| GP concentration quintile 4 | Zero GPs in walking distance | 0.871 (0.122) [0.661–1.147] | ||
| GP concentration quintile 5 (Most GPs in locality) | Zero GPs in walking distance | 1.017 (0.150) [0.761–1.358] | ||
| N | 6326 | 6326 | 6326 | |
| Log likelihood | −3563.43 | −3307.84 | −3303.97 | |
| Statistical significance indicated by * p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001. Robust standard errors in parentheses. 95% Confidence intervals in square brackets for the main variables of interest (estimates on quintiles of deprivation and GP concentration (supply)). Table A2, A3 and A4 in the Supplementary File provide robustness analysis of other proxies for GP supply, Table A5 and A6 apply other modelling approaches. | ||||