Table 1.
Means, standard deviations, correlations, and reliability.
| Variables | Mean | Standard deviation | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Agea (T1) | – | – | – | ||||||||
| 2. Genderb (T1) | – | – | 0.06 | – | |||||||
| 3. Educationc (T1) | – | – | 0.06 | 0.16** | – | ||||||
| 4. Tenured (T1) | – | – | 0.53** | 0.12* | 0.36** | – | |||||
| 5. Dependency-oriented help (T1) | 3.31 | 1.11 | 0.09 | 0.03 | −0.16** | −0.03 | (0.86) | ||||
| 6. Autonomy-oriented help (T1) | 3.97 | 0.95 | 0.10 | −0.19** | −0.21** | −0.07 | 0.59** | (0.90) | |||
| 7. Self-efficacy (T2) | 4.26 | 0.64 | 0.15* | −0.08 | −0.08 | 0.02 | 0.32** | 0.50** | (0.94) | ||
| 8. Work role performance (T3) | 4.06 | 0.60 | 0.14** | −0.12* | −0.14* | −0.02 | 0.34** | 0.40** | 0.69** | (0.95) | |
| 9. LMX (level 2; T1) | 3.89 | 0.48 | 0.12* | −0.12* | −0.13* | −0.01 | 0.37** | 0.53** | 0.33** | 0.29** | (0.91) |
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01 (two-tailed). N = 303 at the individual level (variables 1–8); N = 39 at the team level (variable 9). T1, T2, and T3 represent Times 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Age included four levels, which were (1) below 30 years old, (2) 31–40 years old, and (3) 41–50 years old, (4) 51 years old and above.
Gender was coded as 0 (male) and 1 (female).
Education included three levels, which were (1) senior high school degree and below, (2) college diploma or bachelor's degree, and (3) masters' degree and above.
Tenure included four levels, which were (1) below 1 year, (2) 1–5 years, (3) 6–10 years, and (4) above 10 years. The scale reliabilities are italicized as presented in the diagonals.