Table 4.
Factors associated with knowledge of PEP.
| OR (95% C.I.) | p-value | AOR (95% C.I.) (c) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country or region of birth | ||||
| Portugal | Reference category | |||
| Low prevalence regions (a) | 0.81 (0.68–0.96) | 0.014 | 0.59 (0.49–0.71) | <0.001 |
| South America | 0.89 (0.80–0.99) | 0.032 | 0.81 (0.71–0.91) | <0.001 |
| Africa | 0.15 (0.13–0.18) | <0.001 | 0.23 (0.19–0.27) | <0.001 |
| Eastern Europe and Asia | 0.31 (0.23–0.43) | <0.001 | 0.28 (0.20–0.38) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | Reference category | |||
| Female | 0.67 (0.60–0.74) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.69–0.86) | <0.001 |
| MTF | 5.36 (3.81–7.54) | <0.001 | 5.00 (3.48–7.18) | <0.001 |
| FTM | 1.99 (0.51–7.70) | 0.320 | 1.60 (0.40–6.41) | 0.500 |
| Age | ||||
| ≤ 25 years | Reference category | |||
| 26–49 years | 1.14 (1.02–1.27) | 0.02 | 1.23 (1.10–1.39) | <0.001 |
| ≥ 50 years | 0.30 (0.24–0.36) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.48–0.75) | <0.001 |
| Education | ||||
| Basic (≤ 9 years) | Reference category | |||
| Secondary (12 years) | 2.86 (2.48–3.29) | <0.001 | 2.14 (1.84–2.49) | <0.001 |
| University (Bachelors or higher) | 5.08 (4.43–5.84) | <0.001 | 3.69 (3.18–4.29) | <0.001 |
| Test year | ||||
| 2016 | Reference category | |||
| 2017 | 2.92 (2.45–3.49) | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.70–2.48) | <0.001 |
| 2018 | 3.18 (2.69–3.77) | <0.001 | 1.88 (1.56–2.25) | <0.001 |
| 2019 | 2.47 (2.10–2.91) | <0.001 | 1.59 (1.33–1.89) | <0.001 |
| Key populations and other risk factors | ||||
| MSM (b) | 5.38 (4.85–5.97) | <0.001 | 5.24 (4.47–6.14) | <0.001 |
| PWID (b) | 0.89 (0.67–1.16) | 0.893 | 0.94 (0.70–1.26) | 0.680 |
| SW (b) | 2.26 (02.02–2.53) | <0.001 | 2.46 (2.13–2.84) | <0.001 |
| Previous HIV test (b) | 4.31 (3.78–4.91) | <0.001 | 3.67 (3.19–4.22) | <0.001 |
| STi in last 12 months (b) | 2.24 (1.86–2.71) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.41–2.12) | <0.001 |
| Condomless IC last 12 months (b) | 0.66 (0.59–0.74) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.64–0.82) | <0.001 |
| Reactive HIV test result in same visit (b) | 1.56 (1.12–2.19) | 0.100 | 1.24 (0.84–1.84) | 0.275 |
| KnowsPrEP (b) | 33.05 (28.70–38.07) | <0.001 | 24.39 (20.85–28.53) | <0.001 |
OR, crude odds ratio; C.I., confidence interval; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; MTF, male-to-female transgender; FTM, female-to-male transgender; MSM, men who have sex with men; SW, sex workers; PWID, people who inject drugs.
(a)Low prevalence regions include Western Europe (except Portugal), the United States of America, Canada, Oceania, and the Middle East.
(b)Reported OR is relative to responding “no” to the respective category, or not belonging to the corresponding key population.
(c)Adjusted for country or region of birth, gender, age, and education. In the corresponding categories, adjusted for the three remaining variables (e.g., gender is adjusted for country or region of birth, age, and education).