Table 3.

Clinical trials and the characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines

Vaccine name	Vaccine type	Developer	Participant age (years)	Dose schedule	Reference
BNT162b2	RNA-based vaccine	Pfizer/BioNTech; Fosun Pharma	16–55 >55	0 days: 30 μg 21 days: 30 μg	Polack et al.16
mRNA-1273	RNA-based vaccine	Moderna; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)	18–65 >65	0 days, 100 μg 28 days, 100 μg	Baden et al.17
AZD1222	viral vector (non-replicating)	AstraZeneca; University of Oxford	18–55 56–69 ≥70	0 days: low dose (2.2 × 1010 virus particles)/standard dose (3.5–6.5 × 1010 virus particles) 28 days: standard dose (3.5–6.5 × 1010 virus particles)	Voysey et al.18 and Ramasamy et al.19
Sputnik V	viral vector (non-replicating)	Gamaleya Research Institute; Health Ministry of the Russian Federation	18–30 31–40 41–50 51–60 >60	0 days: rAd26 1011 viral particles 21 days: rAd5 1011 viral particles	Logunov et al.20,21
CoronaVac	inactivated virus	Sinovac Research and Development	18–59 ≥60	0 days: 3 μg 14 days: 3 μg	Bureau25
NVX-CoV2373	protein subunit	Novavax	18–84	0 days: 5 μg, with Matrix-M1 adjuvant 21 days: 5 μg, with Matrix-M1 adjuvant	Keech et al.22 and Novavax I24
BBIBP-CorV	inactivated virus	Sinopharm, China National Biotec Group, and Beijing Institute of Biological Products	18–80	0 days: 4 μg 21 days: 4 μg	Xia et al.23
Ad5-nCoV	viral vector (non-replicating)	Cansino Biological/Beijing Institute of Biotechnology	≥18	5 × 1011 virus particles, one dose	Zhu et al.26
Ad26.COV2.S	viral vector (non-replicating)	Janssen/Johnson & Johnson	18–59 ≥60	single dose: 5 × 1010 viral particles	Sadoff et al.27