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. 2021 Jul 23;15:714094. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.714094

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Copyright © 2021 Mut and Vazquez.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Current hybrid explant systems for studying the retina. (A) An ex vivo chamber for a porcine retina explant capable of maintaining tissue viability for 1–2 weeks to enable long-term investigation of the ex vivo retina (Rettinger and Wang, 2018). (B) A glutamate perfusion system to stimulate retinal neurons with neurotransmitters to augment the phototransduction process that occurs within the body (Rountree et al., 2017). (C) Retina on a chip microfluidic perfusion assay system for point access delivery of therapeutics to specific parts of the rat retina (Dodson et al., 2015). (D) Ex Vivo Eye Facsimile (EVES) hybrid explant system designed for delivery of electrical and chemical stimulation to a whole-enucleated eye explant from mouse (Vazquez et al., 2020).